2024-03-29T06:05:26Z
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/oai
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/7
2018-06-01T02:11:59Z
IJCH:OT
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"870430 1987 eng "
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0971-7587
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Proceeding Of The Vth General Body Meeting Of U. P. Chapter Of Indian Association Of Preventive And Social Medicine Held At L. L. R. M. Medical College, Meerut On 11-1-1987, At 2.00 P. M.
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The Vth General Body meeting of UP Chapter of IAPSM was held on 11.4.1987 under the Chairmanship of Dr. S.K. Mehrotra. The following decisions were taken:—
• It was resolved that in order to print the constitution of UP chapter of Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine, the Secretary General should be sen1 Rs. 500/- by Organising Secretary of Vth UP Chapter Conference of IAPSM and Rs. 500/- by Prof. S.K. Mehrotra, to enable the constitution to be available with all its members.
• It was resolved to enlarge the scope of U P. Chapter of IAPSM to make it a regional chapter by involving the neighbouring States. Himachal Pradesh and Haryana have already been copted to be members for the region. It was further resolved that a letter should be written to other neighbouring states also to join the regional Chapter.
• The report of Secretary General for 1987 was accepted and approved The General Body observed with regret that the Secretary General IAPSM (All India) has not sent the State Constrihution to the Sec. Genera] UP Chapter IAPSM which has caused hinderence for smooth functioning of UP Chapter.
• Prof. J S, Mathur was elected to deliver Dr. B. G. Prasad oration 1987 unanimously.
• The organising committee of Vth UP Chapter Annual Conference announced the award for the best paper sent by UG/Interns for this year. It was further resolved that the best paper award shall be given each year for the best paper published in the Indian Journal of Community Health.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
1987-04-30 00:00:00
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http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/7
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 3 No. 1 (1987)
eng
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oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/65
2018-06-01T09:33:19Z
IJCH:OT
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"971231 1997 eng "
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0971-7587
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THE AIDS HANDBOOK
Khan, Z
HIV infection and AIDS is increasingly becoming a major public health problem in our country. Currently, the reported cases represent only the 'tip of the iceberg' of the problem. In view of the fact that no cure or vaccine for the disease has yet been found, spreading knowledge and removing misconceptions is about the only way that AIDS can be effectively tackled. This handbook, developed by Prof. Shankar Chowdhury and associates, seeks to address all levels of medical and non-medical AIDS workers, as well as the layman. It deals with topics ranging from biology of the virus, symptoms and transmission of disease, to prevention, counselling for infected persons and action plan for AIDS education. The biology of the virus and the immune system is described in simple terms, as well as methods of testing for HIV, and what these test results mean. The progression of disease in adults and children, development of symptoms, diagnostic criteria for AIDS, treatment and outcome of disease is dealt with. How AIDS spreads between people, and the health risk for health workers and families is examined. The various ways in which transmission of HIV can be prevented is looked at in detail, including public health measures, national and internatonal action, and ethical and human rights issues involved.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
1997-12-31 00:00:00
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http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/65
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 9 No. 3 (1997)
eng
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oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/139
2018-05-07T14:44:38Z
IJCH:OT
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"080630 2008 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
TEST 139
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TEST SUBMISSION NO PDF FILE
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2008-06-30 00:00:00
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/139
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 20 No. 1 (2008)
eng
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oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/140
2018-05-07T14:44:37Z
IJCH:OT
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"080630 2008 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
TEST 140
admin
TEST SUBMISISON 140
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2008-06-30 00:00:00
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/140
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 20 No. 1 (2008)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/141
2018-05-07T14:44:36Z
IJCH:OT
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"080630 2008 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
TEST 141
admin
TEST SUBMISISON 141
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2008-06-30 00:00:00
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/141
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 20 No. 1 (2008)
eng
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oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/207
2018-06-01T09:23:55Z
IJCH:OT
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nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"111231 2011 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
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DENTAL CARIES LEADING TO PREMATURE LOSS OF BABY TEETH- IMPLICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT
Bahuguna, Rachana
Narain, Sansriti
Singh, Tapan
Dental caries is a destructive process causing decalcification of the tooth enamel and leading to continued destruction of enamel and dentin, and cavitation of the tooth. Dental caries can occur soon after eruption of the primary teeth, starting at 6 months of age. Primary teeth are present for a reason. One key reason is that they save space for the permanent tooth, which will erupt into its position when the deciduous / primary tooth is lost normally. If a primary tooth (baby or milk tooth), has to be removed early due to say, an abscess which is mostly a result of dental caries, a space maintainer may be recommended to save the space. If the space is not preserved, the other teeth may drift causing difficult to treat crowding and orthodontic problems. These "spacers" are placed temporarily, and are not permanent. They are removed when the new tooth (usually a bicuspid) erupts or the abutment teeth get loose.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2011-12-31 00:00:00
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http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/207
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 23 No. 2 (2011)
eng
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oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/220
2018-06-01T09:23:37Z
IJCH:OT
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"120331 2012 eng "
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0971-7587
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THE SOCIAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PROBLEMS OF CHILD LABOUR: A CHALLENGE THE WORLD IS FACING
Goel, Kapil
Ahmad, Sartaj
Bansal, Rahul
Parashar, Pawan
Pant, Bhawna
Goel, Parul
Eliminating child labour is one of the biggest challenges that the world is facing. Child labour not only causes damage to a child’s physical and mental health but also keeps him deprived of his basic rights to education, development, and freedom. Children of lower socio-economic class are known to be inducted as child labour. The main causes of child labour include poverty, unemployment, excess population and urbanization. The construction sector is one of the most hazardous working environments especially for children. Children are exposed to dangerous machinery causing fatal and non-fatal injuries, while operating or working near them. Children are exposed to strenuous labour, which can affect the musculo-skeletal development of the children. In industries, child workers are exposed to various physical, mental, social occupational hazards resulting in lower growth and poor health status. Working long hours, child labourers are often denied a basic school education, normal social interaction, personal development and emotional support from their family. The Child Labour Act was implemented in India in 1986 that outlaws child labour in certain areas and sets the minimum age of employment at fourteen. Eradicating poverty is only the first step on the road for eliminating child labour. There is an urgent need for intensive focus and research along with political and practical decisions to improve the conditions of working children for the betterment of their health and development. Proper education of the children and banning child labor will help in boosting the success of the country.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2012-03-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/220
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 24 No. 1 (2012)
eng
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oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/221
2018-06-01T09:23:36Z
IJCH:OT
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"120331 2012 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
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HEALTH PROMOTING BEHAVIOR AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS IN CHANDIGARH, INDIA
Senjam, Suraj
Singh, Amarjeet
Background: India faces multiple threats of diseases. The increasing trend of lifestyle related health problems is becoming a serious issue in India. The best strategy to tackle this changing health concern is adoption of healthy lifestyle and health promotion activities. Objectives: To determine the level of involvement in health promoting behaviors of college students in Chandigarh. Material & Methods: This college based cross sectional study was conducted in four randomly selected colleges of Chandigarh during September 2007 to June 2008. Results: Two hundred students (F=100, M=100) were studied by using self administered health promoting lifestyle profile (HPLP) questionnaires. Mean HPLP score was 138.69 (M=137.98, F=139.39). Female students were more likely to have better health promoting practices than their counterpart male students, but difference was not significant. Female students showed more sense of health responsibility than male students (p=0.00), whereas male students were significantly more involved in physical activities than female students (p=0.02). Overall, only few students (18.5%) searched health related article from the internet; 26% went for normal health check up in the last year; 13.5% students practiced yoga regularly; 24.5% of them tried to choose diet with low fat content; 30% of them skipped meals regularly, and 25.5% of them ate processed food regularly. Conclusion: The study results showed that college students in Chandigarh had reasonably good orientation towards health promoting practices.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2012-03-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/221
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 24 No. 1 (2012)
eng
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oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/222
2018-06-01T09:23:35Z
IJCH:OT
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"120331 2012 eng "
2248-9509
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EVALUATION OF PSYCHIATRIC MORBIDITY IN ADOLESCENTS IN PATIALA DISTRICT, PUNJAB
Sidhu, Tanvir Kaur
Background:What is the morbidity pattern of the adolescent patients coming to seek treatment in Psychiatry Deptt.? Objectives: To evaluate the pattern of mental disorders in adolescents. Methods:The study was a hospital based cross-sectional study conducted in the Deptt. of Psychiatry, Rajindra Hospital,Patiala. 500 adolescents aged 10-19 were interviewed. Results: More of the morbid patients were from nuclear families, 6.4% were married among whom, 2.4% were either divorced or separated.13.2% patients had positive history of any family member having psychiatric problem. Only 21.2% had contacted a psychiatrist at first instance while 50.8% had been to traditional healers. The most common diagnosis was Mood (affective) disorders followed by neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders. Next was mental retardation followed by schizophrenia and delusional disorders .The most common diagnosis among males was neurotic, stress related and among females was mood disorders. The difference of distribution of diagnosis among urban and rural , nuclear and joint families was statistically significant. Conclusion: Patients reporting to the hospital with psychiatric disorders were urban males. Most of the patients were eldest in birth order and belonged to nuclear families. Most of the patients had been to traditional healers. The most common diagnosis was mood disorders followed by neurotic stress related illness.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2012-03-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/222
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 24 No. 1 (2012)
eng
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oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/223
2018-06-01T09:23:33Z
IJCH:OT
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"120331 2012 eng "
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SEX-SELECTIVE ABORTIONS IN INDIA: A BEHAVIOURAL EPIDEMIC
Saurabh, Suman
Kar, Sitanshu Sekhar
Pandey, Dhruv Kumar
Sex- selective abortions have been known to be a problem in India. A study titled “Trends in selective abortions of girls in India: analysis of nationally representative birth histories from 1990 to 2005 and census data from 1991 to 2011” by Jha P et al was published in Lancet in May 2011 presented the first nationally representative analysis of trends in sex-selective abortions in India. It came as an aftermath of the provisional 2011 census release which showed a fall in 0-6 year sex ratio from 927 in 2001 to 914 in 20111. 56 percent of Indian districts have child sex-ratio of less than 9152, spreading to areas where the sex-selective abortions were known to be negligible. This was in contrast to the fact that overall sex-ratio increased from 933 to 9401,3.Such findings necessitate a more specific approach to this problem by looking at the trends in child sex-ratio unlike the crude analysis of overall sex-ratios adopted earlier. Also this study provides an estimate of sex-selective abortions from 1980 to 2010 ranging from 4.2-12.1 million.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2012-03-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/223
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 24 No. 1 (2012)
eng
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oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/224
2018-06-01T09:23:32Z
IJCH:OT
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"120331 2012 eng "
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0971-7587
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COMPARISON OF KNOWLEDGE AND OUTCOME MEASURE OF HBA1C TESTING IN INDIAN NIDDM PATIENTS OF A NORTH INDIAN CITY WITH THAT OF PATIENTS FROM A METROPOLIS IN SOUTH INDIA
Luthra, Megha
Mishra, Pankaj
Introduction:Type 2 diabetes is a major health problem in India with rising prevalence. The patients with type 2 diabetes are at high risk of developing retinal, cardio vascular & other complications. Improved glycemic control can reduce the development and/or progression of diabetic complications. The glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) test is a test of long-term glycemic control and an index of average blood glucose level during the past 2-3 months. Its normal result causes reduction in complications of diabetes. Patient’s understanding of HbA1c and its target goal has a positive impact on long-term health. Many diabetics are unaware of the test or do not know their HbA1c levels and/or target goal. Diabetics who are aware of these have better health. In this study we tried to evaluate whether knowledge of this test is associated with a better glycaemic control in Dehradun and also to compare the results with those of a similar study carried out in a metropolitan city. Materials and methods:
This is a clinic-based cross-sectional study in which all 213 NIDDM patients attending the retina service of a tertiary level eye care centre in Dehradun from July to September 2011 are included. Exclusion criteria: Any patient who did not suffer from type 2 Diabetes. Baseline demographic and clinical data of all subjects was obtained. Subject’s knowledge about HbA1c test and their target goal was assessed with a questionnaire. Recent HbA1c results were obtained from records. Retinal examination of all these subjects was conducted. Statistical analyses were performed with the SPSS version 10.0 package. Comparisons were done by Chi-square test. P <0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results:
The mean age of study subjects was 58 years and mean duration of diabetes was 8.7 years. 56% of the subjects were males. 68% of the subjects know about HbA1c test and 32% were unaware of it. 37% of those who know about HbA1c know their goal also. 63% are aware about HbA1c test but they do not know their goal. Mean HbA1c % was significantly lower in those who know about the test and also in those who know about their goal. Retinal condition was significantly better in those who knew about the test and also in those who knew their target goal as compared to those subjects who were not aware of either.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2012-03-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/224
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 24 No. 1 (2012)
eng
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oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/256
2018-06-01T09:18:36Z
IJCH:OT
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"120930 2012 eng "
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VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY AND ITS HEALTH CONSEQUENCES – A REVIEW
Jyoti, V
Kapil, U
The world is currently facing an unrecognized and untreated pandemic of Vitamin D Deficiency (VDD)1. VDD is a significant public health problem in both developed and developing countries, including India2. It is highly prevalent across all age groups. Vitamin D (VD) is a prehormone that humans obtain from foods and dietary supplements and by endogenous skin synthesis from7-dehydrocholesterol with sunlight exposure3. The present article reviews the etiology of VDD, physiological functions, sources, health consequences and prevalence of VDD in different regions of India.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2012-09-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/256
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 24 No. 3 (2012)
eng
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oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/257
2018-06-01T09:18:34Z
IJCH:OT
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"120930 2012 eng "
2248-9509
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CLIENT SATISFACTION AND PERCEPTIONS ABOUT QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE AT A PRIMARY HEALTH CENTRE OF DELHI, INDIA
Rasheed, N
Arya, S
Acharya, A
khandekar, J
Background: Quality of services shows a variation between the client and the provider. Therefore, it needs to be explored whether the quality of care or the lack of quality can explain the utilization of government health care. Objectives:This paper attempts to assess the utilization of health services and client satisfaction for services provided by a Primary Health Centre (PHC) at Delhi, India. Setting and design: The study was a facility based cross sectional study. Exit interviews were conducted among 400 patients seeking outdoor patient department (OPD) services of thePHC Palam, New Delhi from May 2010 to November 2010. Material and Methods: Exit interviews were conducted among the patients at each of the service delivery points in the PHC to assess the utilization of services and the satisfaction of clients with the available services. Results: Most respondents rated the services to be of good quality on various parameters of health delivery. The PHC was the preferred health facility (98%) for treatment seeking in comparison to other healthcare facilities in the area.The main factors affecting utilization of primary health care services provided by the government were easy accessibility, low cost, less waiting time, and presence of co-operative health personnel. Conclusion:Provision of quality primary healthcare services to clients can result in better utilization of services at the primary level, thereby reducing the unnecessary burden of secondary and tertiary level facilities in addition to improving the health status of the community.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2012-09-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/257
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 24 No. 3 (2012)
eng
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oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/258
2018-06-01T09:18:33Z
IJCH:OT
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"120930 2012 eng "
2248-9509
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PERCEIVED UTILITY OF JOURNAL CLUB BY RESIDENTS OF A PRIVATE MEDICAL COLLEGE OF CENTRAL INDIA
Saroshe, S
Khandelwal, V
Mehta, S C
Introduction- Journal Club (JC) is an established academic exercise in the residency training curriculum to obtain critical appraisal skills, update knowledge on current literature and enhance proficiency in clinical practice. Objective - To determine the effectiveness of journal clubs by seeking evidence of residents’ satisfaction with journal club. Materials and Methods- Study Type: Cross-Sectional Study; Study Period: November 2011; Study Site: R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India. Method: All the postgraduates student of 2nd and 3rd year of institute are included in study and interviewed by using a structured questionnaire. Responses to 13 questions were recorded on a 5-item Likert scale. Result- The participants rated workshops as the most preferred method of continuing education. 60% of the respondents perceived a change in critical appraisal skill as a result of attending JC. To keep up with current literature was rated by the residents as the most important goal of journal club. 45.71% agreed to the fact that mock presentation is a valuable exercise while preparing for journal club. Conclusion- Journal clubs can be effective in the training of residents to meet their core competencies. Educational value of preparing for journal club is the most rated utility of journal-club. They can enable residents to develop the knowledge; expertise and enthusiasm needed to undertake research plans enhancing their ability in critical thinking and scientific reading. Recommendation- Currently the effectiveness of Journal-club meetings in postgraduate medical education is unreported. Present Study achieved greater than 95 percent response rate, yet the sample represents only one medical college of M.P. Therefore, generalization requires caution and further explorative studies are required in this direction. Improved faculty participation in the journal club is required.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2012-09-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/258
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 24 No. 3 (2012)
eng
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oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/259
2018-06-01T09:18:31Z
IJCH:OT
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"120930 2012 eng "
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EMERGENCE OF ENTIRELY NEW POISONING IN RURAL INDIA; AN UPCOMING HEALTH HAZARD TO THE COMMUNITY HEALTH.
Kumar, A
Verma, A
Jaiswal, K
Kumar, S
Prasad, R
Acute agrochemical poisoning is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in India. Pendimethalin (herbicide) and Pancycuron (fungicide) are frequently used worldwide and considered quite a remarkably safe one for humans. Their acute toxicity is not yet widely known. Here we are reporting cases of their acute poisoning in young. To the best of our knowledge not a single such case of their poisoning has been reported so far in india. Such poisoning by entirely new compounds is an emerging problem in the tropics. In this communication we are reporting such unusual and entirely new toxicities and trying to highlight the need of their early recognition and timely management in rural regions where health facilities are already at the stake.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2012-09-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/259
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 24 No. 3 (2012)
eng
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oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/278
2018-06-01T09:18:01Z
IJCH:OT
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"121231 2012 eng "
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HOW MEDICAL UNDERGRADUATES PREPARE FOR UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION: LESSON FROM A TEACHING MEDICAL INSTITUTION IN SOUTH INDIA
Datta, Shib Sekhar
Boratne, Abhijit V
Patil, Rajkumar
Background: Medical colleges in India conventionally follow a curriculum overfed with large volume of information expecting students will imbibe such curriculum unquestionably overlooking what and how they progress. There have been many attempts to improve the learning process of medical students, neglecting the process which students adopt towards such learning and prepare for their exams aiming better performance. Objective: To explore qualitatively the way medical undergraduates prepare for their university examination. Methods: Present qualitative research was undertaken among medical interns during Nov-2011 to March-2012. FGDs were conducted by trained moderator using semi-structured guidelines and note taker recorded each FGD. Content analysis of FGDs was primarily oriented towards behaviour of medical undergraduates during preparatory phase before their university examinations like study pattern, study material, eating behaviour, level of stress, addiction etc. Qualitative content analysis of textual level of data was undertaken using Atlas.ti.5.0 software package. Results: Students are serious about studies just before examinations and refer to notes prepared by seniors, small books with important topics, and self-made notes. Girls depend predominantly on self-made notes. Students primarily focus on important topics in each subject. Time-in-hand decides what they study and try to remember before exams. They become casual about their diet, clothing and self-care. Stress, fear and high academic expectation often drive them towards addictive substances. They often suffer from loneliness and seek empathy from opposite sex batch mates, seniors, teachers and family members and start believing in their fortune and examiners' will rather than actual preparation. Conclusion: Students' psychology and culture should be addressed in harmony with curriculum reform for better learning by medical undergraduates.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2012-12-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/278
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 24 No. 4 (2012)
eng
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oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/291
2018-06-01T09:17:42Z
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"130331 2013 eng "
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POLIO ERADICATION IN INDIA: NEW INITIATIVES IN SANITATION
Sukla, Pradeep
Sharma, Karun Dev
Rana, Manish
Zaidi, Syed Hasan Nawaz
Abstract: Polio eradication continues to be a priority in the South-East Asia Region. For developing countries, considering that the practice of open defecation and fecal contamination of drinking water easily precipitates virus transmissions, the eradication of polio called for rounds after rounds of campaign. In the districts of western Uttar Pradesh (UP), in India, which continues to be polio endemic, key challenge is the low levels of sanitation and personal hygiene. The residents of polio endemic areas are now reluctant to frequent pulse polio immunization rounds and are using these rounds to raise their voice against chronic apathy to providing the basic amenities such as adequate sanitation facilities. Newer initiatives such as Urban Sanitation and Hygiene Action (USHA) Project, in western UP and “107 block” campaign launched in UP and Bihar aiming to improve sanitation, water quality and routine immunizations in the high risk polio endemic administrative blocks have the potential to significantly strengthen eradication efforts, especially in high risk areas for wild poliovirus transmission in North India.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2013-03-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/291
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 25 No. 1 (2013)
eng
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oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/292
2018-06-01T09:17:40Z
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"130331 2013 eng "
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INTEGRATED CHILD DEVELOPMENT SERVICES (ICDS) SCHEME :A JOURNEY OF 37 YEARS
Gupta, A
Gupta, S K
Nongkynrih, Baridalyne
Background: Malnutrition is currently one of the biggest challenges facing the modern world. In India, the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme was started with the objective of improving child health, nutrition and development. Since its inception in 1975, the outreach of ICDS services has increased enormously, and now the goal is universalization of ICDS. In recent years ICDS has been evaluated by many agencies which have resulted in numerous changes to achieve the objectives. Methods: This paper reviews the functioning and progress of Integrated Child Development Services and attempts to identify the programme bottlenecks Results: Since its inception, ICDS has expanded rapidly in its scope and coverage, and today it covers approximately 7.6 million pregnant women and lactating mothers and around 36 million children less than six years of age. Although there had been vast increase in ICDS blocks, it was seen that there is lack of infrastructure and basic amenities. Though immunization activities under ICDS have appreciable credibility, however, non-formal pre-school, nutrition and health education are not fully functioning in the way they were planned to be. Conclusion: The ICDS has a huge potential as a platform to provide comprehensive maternal and child services. Although there is a wide coverage under the ICDS blocks, many of them are not functioning optimally. Infrastructure and basic amenities, and training components need to be strengthened.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2013-03-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/292
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 25 No. 1 (2013)
eng
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oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/293
2018-12-09T06:38:17Z
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Nurses Bring New Family Planning Methods To Communities: Standard Days Method And Lactational Amenorrhea Method
Chhugani, Manju
Jha, P
Caine, K L
All couples should have the ability to decide how many children to have and when to have them. Nurses represent the critical link between the health system and communities, sharing family planning methods and information that can help women time and space their pregnancies. This information is often a matter of life and death for women and children. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends an interval of 24 months between childbirth and subsequent pregnancy in order to reduce the risk of adverse maternal, perinatal, and infant outcomes.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2013-03-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/293
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 25 No. 1 (2013)
eng
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oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/294
2018-06-01T09:17:38Z
IJCH:OT
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"130331 2013 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
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KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS REGARDING BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT AMONG EMPLOYEES OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Bansal, Manoj
Mishra, Ashok
Gautam, Praveen
Changulani, Richa
Srivastava, Dhiraj Kumar
Gaur, Neeraj Singh
Background: A hospital is an establishment where the persons suffering with the variety of communicable and non communicable diseases are visiting to take medical care facilities. Hospitals and other healthcare establishments in India produce a significant quantity of waste, posing serious problems for its disposal, an issue that has received scant attention. Objective: To assess the level of knowledge regarding biomedical waste and its management among hospital personnel.
Material and Methods: The present study was a cross sectional study carried out in a tertiary care hospital of Gwalior in year 2008. Medical, para-medical and non-medical personnel working at their current position for at least 6 months were included as study participants. Self made scoring system was used to categorize the participants as having Good, Average and Poor knowledge. Statistical Analysis: Percentage and Proportion were applied to interpret the result.
Results: The score was highest for medical and least for non-medical staff. Conclusion: The present study concludes that regular training programs should be organized about the guidelines and rules of biomedical waste management at all level.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2013-03-31 00:00:00
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http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/294
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 25 No. 1 (2013)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/822
2022-06-13T09:41:22Z
IJCH:OT
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nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"180425 2018 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
10.47203/IJCH.2018.v30i01SUPP.016
doi
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Summary on Adverse Effects of Excess Iron
Thankachan, Prashanth
St Johns Research Institute, Bangalore
Kurpad, Anura
St Johns Research Institute, Bangalore
India has made rapid economic progress, however most of this growth has been an inequitable progress leading to less than appreciable to minuscule changes on several health and nutritional status indicators, particularly anemia. prevalence of anemia among young women, pregnant women and children has seen little improvement in the last decade, with a rather small decline between 2005-06 to 2015-16(nfhs-3, nfhs-4). The etiology of anemia is multifactorial and often when high prevalence of anemia is seen, the most likely causal factor is nutritional deficiency of iron. Iron-deficiency anemia is a serious public-health concern not only in India but across most developing countries. It results in increased maternal mortality, morbidity and decreased child survival and is estimated to cause 591,000 perinatal deaths and 115,000 maternal deaths globally (1).
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2018-04-25 00:00:00
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http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/822
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 30 No. 1 (Supp) (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/823
2022-06-13T09:41:27Z
IJCH:OT
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nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"180425 2018 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
10.47203/IJCH.2018.v30i01SUPP.017
doi
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Point of Care Haemoglobin Estimation
Swaminathan, Sumathi
St John’s Medical College & Division of Nutrition, St Johns Research Institute, Bangalore
Thomas, Tinku
St John’s Medical College & Division of Nutrition, St Johns Research Institute, Bangalore https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1786-6076
Bose, Beena
St John’s Medical College & Division of Nutrition, St Johns Research Institute, Bangalore
Kurpad, Anura V
St John’s Medical College & Division of Nutrition, St Johns Research Institute, Bangalore
The prevalence of anemia in India is still unacceptably high at 53.1 % in non-pregnant women, 50.3% in pregnant women, 58.4% in children 6 months and 22.7% in adult men(1) and remains a major public health problem. For screening, tracking as well as monitoring the progress of anemia in both in primary and community health care for public health programs, hemoglobin needs to be estimated accurately.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2018-04-25 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/823
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 30 No. 1 (Supp) (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/824
2022-06-13T09:41:32Z
IJCH:OT
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"180425 2018 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
10.47203/IJCH.2018.v30i01SUPP.018
doi
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Research Priorities in the field of Anaemia in India
Sinha, Anju
Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi
Kulkarni, Bharati
National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad
Mithra, Prasanna
Public Health Evidence South Asia (Manipal University)
Mahajan, Preetam
AIIMS Bhubaneswar
Upadhyay, Ravi
Society for Applied studies, New Delhi,
Nair, Sree kumar
Public Health Evidence South Asia (Manipal University)
Sharma, R. S.
Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi
Anaemia is a health problem that caused most disability in India over a decade (2005-2016) according to the Global Burden of Disease study(1). India has the maximum number of anaemic women and children in the world(2). As per the recent National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16), about 58% children (6-59 months), 53% women (15-49 y) and 23% men were suffering from various degrees of anaemia(3). Aanaemia affects the general health of the total population taking toll for high mortality as well as morbidity and attenuating the optimal expression of the potentials of both physical and mental capacity of our population. Improving nutritional status of the vulnerable sections of the population and reducing anaemia is of paramount importance for improving health and the human capital development in the country(4).
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2018-04-25 00:00:00
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http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/824
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 30 No. 1 (Supp) (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/825
2022-06-13T09:41:37Z
IJCH:OT
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"180425 2018 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
10.47203/IJCH.2018.v30i01SUPP.019
doi
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Magnitude of anemia and Strategies for Prevention and Control in South East Asia Countries
Kapil, Radhika
Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum, Karnataka
Anemia is a condition in which the number of red blood cells (and consequently their oxygen-carrying capacity) is insufficient to meet the body’s physiologic needs. Specific physiologic needs vary with a person’s age, gender, residential elevation above sea level (altitude), smoking behavior, and different stages of pregnancy (1). Globally, anemia affects 1.62 billion people (95% CI: 1.50–1.74 billion), which corresponds to 24.8% of the population (95% CI: 22.9–26.7%). The highest prevalence is in preschool-aged children (47.4%, 95% CI: 45.7–49.1), and the lowest prevalence is in adult men (12.7%, 95% CI: 8.6–16.9%). However, the population group with the greatest number of individuals affected is non-pregnant women (468.4 million, 95% CI: 446.2–490.6) (2). The prevalence of anemia is estimated at 9% in countries with high development,in countries with low development, the prevalence is 43% (3).
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2018-04-25 00:00:00
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http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/825
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 30 No. 1 (Supp) (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/961
2022-06-13T10:07:51Z
IJCH:OT
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"180930 2018 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
10.47203/IJCH.2018.v30i03.019
doi
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National Consultation-cum-Brain Storming Session on Fortification of Edible Salt with Micronutrients
Kapil, Umesh
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Sachdeva, H P
Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi
Micronutrient malnutrition (MNM) can affect all age groups, but young children and women of reproductive age tend to be among those most at risk of developing micronutrient deficiencies. In India, Iodine Deficiency Disorders and Iron Deficiency Anaemia are important Public Health problems.No state in India is free from iodine deficiency. Out of 343 districts surveyed, 286 are reported have Iodine Deficiency Disorders. Iron Deficiency Anaemia is reported in about 60% population across all age groups. The magnitude of vitamin B12 Deficiency is reported to be about 47% in urban population of Delhi while Zinc Deficiency is reported in about 44% amongst Indian children. In addition, there are other micronutrients and minerals like folic acid which are of public health concern.
Fortification of food is one of three primary strategies to combat micronutrient deficiencies. Fortification is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as "the practice of deliberately increasing the content of an essential micronutrient, i.e. Vitamins and minerals (including trace elements) in a food irrespective of whether the nutrients were originally present in the food before processing or not, so as to improve the nutritional quality of the food supply and to provide a public health benefit with minimal risk to health”. Food fortification is one of the most cost effective ways to make up for the deficient vitamins and minerals in low quality diets. Edible salt is the most widely used food vehicle for fortification with micronutrients.
Fortification of salt with iodine, under the National Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) Control Programme, has been the strategy in operation in the entire country as a universal policy since 1962 to combat IDD. This has led to prevention and control of IDD in the country. In 1970s, an attempt was made to develop Iron fortified salt (IFS) or edible salt fortified with Iron. Efficacy trials and multi-centric effectiveness trials were conducted and documented positive results. However, with the policy focus on Universal Salt Iodization Programme in the country, IFS was not introduced in the country.
Subsequently in 1980s, the National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), India, Hyderabad developed edible salt fortified with Iron and Iodine, referred to as double fortified salt (DFS) or NIN-DFS. Efficacy studies were conducted with DFS with mixed results. Large scale effectiveness trials (under public health intervention conditions/programmatic conditions) have not been undertaken. In 1980s, another formula for production of DFS, using the encapsulation process for fortification of salt with iron and iodine, was developed by Micronutrient initiative (MI) - referred to as Micronutrient Initiative (MI) formula or MI-DFS. Both DFS-NIN and DFS-MI formulae are being used by Tamil Nadu State Government for ICDS and Mid-Day Meal Programme in the state. In 1990s, Sunder Chemicals also produced DFS using its own formula and undertook efficacy trials. The Human Nutrition Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Switzerland also has a DFS formula, which has not been used or tried in India. However, findings from efficacy trials of this DFS are available in the peer review scientific journals.
To date, only one multi-micronutrient fortified edible salt (MMNS) has been produced in India. This was produced by Sundar Chemicals Pvt Ltd., a private sector undertaking, in 1990s.Edible Salt is fortified with 10 micronutrients, namely, Iron, Iodine, vitamin A, vitamins B1, B2, B6, B12, Folic Acid, Niacin and Calcium. The results of the efficacy trials have been published in peer reviewed scientific journals. A positive impact has been documented on the micronutrient status of the beneficiaries consuming such fortified salt.
The Ministry of Women and Child Development has adopted a policy that NIN-DFS is to be utilized for the feeding component of the ICDS programme. There are more than 10 salt producers who have been recognized by NIN as producers of double fortified salt using NIN-DFS formula and are supplying DFS to ICDS in selected states. In Tamil Nadu state, the mid- day meal programme in schools also use DFS, produced by Tamil Nadu Salt Corporation, using NIN or MI formulae.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2018-09-30 00:00:00
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http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/961
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 30 No. 3 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Indian Journal of Community Health