2024-03-29T06:34:43Z
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/index/oai
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/310
2018-06-01T09:17:14Z
IJCH:RA
"130630 2013 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
TRENDS OF COMMUNICABLE AND NON-COMMUNICABLE MORBIDITIES IN UTTARAKHAND STATE: A SYSTEMIC REVIEW
Kumar, R
Sharma, S K
Objective: To identify the trend of communicable and non-communicable morbidities in Uttarkhand state. Methods: This systemic review was conducted using the vide range of literature i.e. published reports of Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India and Uttarakhand State. The published original research papers from original journals, E-journals and electronic data base such as Medline, Pubmed, Indmed etc. Findings: Uttarakhand is geographically and socio-culturally diverse state because of location and scattered population in hilly and plain region. State has high prevalence of some of the communicable diseases such as tuberculosis (170 cases/Lakh population), malaria (14% in fever cases) and vulnerability of HIV/AIDS. Furthermore, negative lifestyle practices i.e. smoking (20%), tobacco chewing (12%), other form of tobacco use (27%), binge alcohol drinking (52%), low level of physical activity (67%), over weight (14%) and central obesity (18%), consumption of fruits and vegetables less than recommended (89%) are significantly contributing to the ever increasing risk of encountering the non-communicable diseases. Presently over 8% people in Uttarakahnd are hypertensive and 5.7% are diabetic. Conclusion: This hilly, geographically diverse state is having higher prevalence of some of the communicable morbidities such as TB (170/Lakh population) and malaria (14% of all fever cases) and vulnerability for HIV/AIDS. Because of negative life style practices there are increasing trend in prevalence of non-communicable morbidities; presently over 8% people in Uttarakahnd are hypertensive and 5.7% are diabetic. Therefore, a sound healthcare infrastructure is required to meet healthcare needs of the people in state.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2013-06-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/310
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 25 No. 2 (2013)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/311
2018-06-01T09:17:12Z
IJCH:RA
"130630 2013 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
ROUTINE IMMUNIZATION IN INDIA: A PERSPECTIVE
Taneja, G
Sagar, K S
Mishra, S
The Universal Immunization Programme is possibly the longest and one of the biggest public health intervention measures undertaken in India. To improve immunization coverage in the country various initiatives have been undertaken since the inception of the programme in 1985; key inputs being strengthening and expanding the cold chain system, establishing a network of outreach immunization sites, alternate vaccine delivery model, capacity building of health functionaries and medical officers and intensified polio control measures. Introduction of new and underutilized vaccines, drafting of the national vaccine policy, tracking of beneficiaries through the Maternal and Child Tracking system are some of the recent developments. However in spite of more than 25 years since inception the programme is still adversely impacted by challenges across key thematic areas of programme management, cold chain and vaccine management, recording and reporting and injection safety. To further strengthen and improve service delivery 2012-13 has been declared as the “Year of Intensification of Routine Immunization” with the objective of improving immunization coverage rates across poor performing districts and states so as to attain Global Immunization Vision and Strategy goals of 90% coverage at national and more than 80% coverage at district level. Key activities planned during the year include sustained advocacy at all levels, improved communication and social mobilization, robust and regular program reviews, comprehensive microplanning, strengthening cold chain and vaccine logistics system, special catch up rounds through immunization weeks, piloting the teeka express, improved surveillance systems, strengthened partnerships and operational research activities. The current review pertains to the existing scenario of Universal Immunization Program in the country with impetus on the existing challenges, progress achieved till date as a result of various measures and initiatives undertaken and activities lined up as a part of year of intensification of Routine Immunization.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2013-06-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/311
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 25 No. 2 (2013)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/335
2018-06-01T08:02:12Z
IJCH:RA
"130930 2013 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
RETRACTED M-HEALTH SERVICES: CAN IT BE A POTENTIAL MECHANISM IN IMPROVING PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM OF INDIA?
Davey, Sanjeev
Davey, Anuradha
Singh, Jai Vir
Raghav, Santosh Kumar
Background: The role of mobile in health system is now important for us, to make use of this very fastly growing technology in improving the public health of Indian people. Objectives: To critically review the role of m-health in public health system of India. Methods: A systematic review of related studies and literature of last 10 years published in pubmed etc till 31st March 2013 on role of m-Health in public health was done. Results and discussion: A wide variety of m-health applications are available in mobile phone market, needing proper regulation from health care authorities and with a hope of better future results. Recommendations: We must use these applications weighing their benefits and utility in public health as well as capitalizing the better prospect of m-health worldwide in the field of public health. This can give a greater access to larger segments of a rural and underserved population in developing countries like India with a hope of improving the capacity of health system to provide quality healthcare to Indian people.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2013-09-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/335
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 25 No. 3 (2013)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/360
2018-06-01T08:01:34Z
IJCH:RA
"131231 2013 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Burden of rabies in India: the need for a reliable reassessment
Maroof, K A
Published literature addressing the issue of burden of rabies in India is scarce. Even the estimates of burden of rabies that are available from various studies differ considerably among themselves and as new data pour in, the earlier available figures are becoming further questionable. It has been almost a decade that a nationwide community based study was done to directly assess the burden of rabies in India. The figures reported by this study is still the most quoted one in published literature. Since this nationwide study has been conducted, there may have been considerable changes in the human and canine demographics as well as the other determinants of rabies at the community level. Policy makers find it difficult to move ahead in planning for rabies control, in the absence of any reliable and evidence based data. The time has come to redesign and redevelop a scientifically robust study design and undertake a nationwide survey to find out the burden of rabies in India.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2013-12-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/360
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 25 No. 4 (2013)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/401
2018-06-01T08:00:04Z
IJCH:RA
"140630 2014 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
A Dialogue on Menstrual Taboo
Kaundal, Manju
Thakur, Bhopesh
Today in the 21st century, we may boast of gender equality and women empowerment but the truth is somewhat implausible. Today women may have excelled in many spheres of life but, somewhere, she is still struggling to get out of her veil. In the name of tradition a women is always told to follow the rules what the society has set for her. A look at major religions of the world shows that, without exception, they have placed restrictions on menstruating women. Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism have all made statements about menstruation and its negative effect, leading to prohibitions about attending places of worship, cooking, physical intimacy and sometimes requiring women to live separately at this time. Present paper is a compilation of the information available on the menstrual taboo and various practices regarding it. For this extensive search was done on internet along with personal observations. The present study is carried out in order to provoke the need for increased research on the psychosocial aspects of menstruation by exploring the attitudes of society toward this monthly event.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2014-06-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/401
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 26 No. 2 (2014)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/411
2018-06-01T07:59:47Z
IJCH:RA
"140930 2014 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Current scenario of antibiotic resistance and latest strategies to overcome it
Megha, Mohankumar J
Antibiotic resistance in microorganisms has become a critical health issue these days and has evolved to become a worldwide health threat. Over a decade, the resistance level of bacteria has increased many folds due to various factors, accounting to the added pressure on the environmental resistome. Infections that are resistant to these antibiotics show potentially devastating effects on public health, often affecting developing countries. This review focuses on the present scenario of antibiotic resistance and enlists some of the strategies to combat this global community threat.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2014-09-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/411
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 26 No. 3 (2014)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/434
2018-06-01T07:55:46Z
IJCH:RA
"141231 2014 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Lifestyle and Non-Communicable Diseases: A double edged sword for future India
Chakma, Joy Kumar
Gupta, Sanjay
Lifestyle has long been associated with the development of many chronic diseases. WHO has recognized diabetes, cardiovascular disease and stroke, cancer and chronic lung disease/COPD as major non-communicable diseases (NCDs). These major NCDs share common lifestyle related risk factors like physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, tobacco use and harmful use of alcohol. Globally, the current scenario of NCDs is the major cause of morbidity and mortality. According to WHO Report 2004, they account for almost 60% of deaths and 47% of global burden of disease. Epidemics of NCDs are presently emerging or accelerating in most developing countries. In India, 53% of the deaths in 2008 were due to NCDs (WHO) and cardiovascular disease (CVDs) alone account for 24 percent of all deaths. As of 2005, India experienced the “highest loss in potentially productive years of life” worldwide and the leading cause of death was cardiovascular disease; mostly affecting people aged 35-64 years. The projected cumulative loss of national income for India due to NCDs mortality for 2006-2015 will be USD237 billion. By 2030, this productivity loss is expected to double to 17.9 million years lost. These major NCDs are largely preventable through effective interventions by tackling the lifestyle related modifiable risk factors. This review discusses the current scenario of NCDs with their impact on health and socioeconomic development, the threat posed by the rising trends of disease burden along with socio-demographic transition and the challenges needs to be addressed for the prevention and control of NCDs.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2014-12-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/434
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 26 No. 4 (2014)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/435
2018-06-01T07:55:45Z
IJCH:RA
"141231 2014 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Community Profiling. A Valuable Tool for Health Professionals
Dannaway, Jasan
Narang, Birinder
Trevena, Lyndal
Community profiling is an essential skill for all health professionals. We highlight the value of this practice and outline the relevant evidence around the area. We provide a simple step-by-step ‘how to’. We then give relevant contrasting examples of how community profiles can be produced. Hopefully this will serve as a guide in unfamiliar settings.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2014-12-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/435
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 26 No. 4 (2014)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/436
2018-06-01T07:55:43Z
IJCH:RA
"141231 2014 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Internship Training in Community Medicine – Need For Reorientation and Strengthening
Lakshminarayanan, Subitha
Bhardwaj, Pankaj
Srivastava, J P
Background: The goal of MBBS training program is to create a basic doctor, physicians of first contact for the community in the primary care setting both in urban as well as rural areas of our country. Internship is a phase of training wherein a graduate is expected to conduct actual practice of medical and health care and acquire skills under supervision so that he/she may become capable of functioning independently. In the context of public health practice, he should be oriented to provide preventive and promotive health care services to the community, demonstrate skills in monitoring of national health programs and develop leadership qualities to function effectively as a leader of the health team. Methods: This study is based on current status assessment and reviewed literature on internship training in India from PubMed, internet and other sources. The review is presented as need for scenario of internship training in Community Medicine, need for its strengthening, guidelines for internship training and conclusions. Results: There is no uniform pattern for internship training in community medicine, in terms of exposure, training and evaluation, at medical college departments and at rural training centers both in government and private medical colleges. This is further complicated by factors like lack of structured framework for need based training, reduced time period of training, preparation for postgraduate examinations and lack of post training assessment. Poor facilities at rural health training centers and primary health centers like transportation and laboratory facilities, lack of infrastructure and basic amenities to cater to the residential needs of interns pose additional difficulties. Internship training in community medicine should be appropriately structured to provide confidence to medical graduates to practice their profession in common and simple settings, and be able to deliver primary health care services. Conclusions: Protocols for internship training in community medicine in all medical colleges are necessary to make it more responsive to community needs and to improve the quality of undergraduate medical education in India. Capacity building of future health service providers is essential to meet the growing responsibilities of the Medical Officers in the context of revitalizing primary care
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2014-12-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/436
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 26 No. 4 (2014)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/463
2018-06-01T07:55:05Z
IJCH:RA
"141231 2014 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Capability poverty by deficits in net dietary intake at early age – neglected by the Rangarajan poverty line
Eklund, Per A
Introduction: The Rangarajan Expert Group set up to improve the methodology for measuring poverty fails to: (i) shift from uncertain assessments of calorie - consumption poverty to use of ‘direct’ determinants of deficits in net dietary intake, indicating risk of capability poverty; [1,2] (ii) include vegetables and fruit as an additional food category; and (iii) consider inequity in child nutritional outcomes. The 2014 poverty line includes raised expenditure on calories, meat, protein and fats and four non-food categories. The report avoids the issue of disparities in social protection that drive capability poverty. It concludes that its normative food basket does offer “a basis for optimism on associated nutrition-status outcomes”. Rationale: Inferior nutrition status, compounded in the lowest wealth groups, argues for use of ‘direct’ indicators of net deficits in nutritional intake in poverty assessments, such as the growth curve of children and measurements of anaemia. [3,4] Objective: Where, and how, do diseases and poor nutrients, contribute to rising deficits in net dietary intake? In 20 of 106 districts, in six states, from the 2002-04 LDHS-2 to the 2011 Hungama survey, child underweight (<-2SD, 5y) increased by more than 5 percentage points. [5] Why? Methods and results: Literature confirms socio-economic rationale of addressing capability poverty indicated by child chronic undernutrition. [6,7,8] Iron-poor vegetarian diets, limited coverage of iron supplementation to young children and of food fortification in low-income settings, argue for raised intake of fruit and vegetables. [9] Conclusion: Capability poverty, driven by nutritional deficits at early age, perpetuates socio-economic disparities. Will location-specific determinants be addressed of rising deficits in net dietary intake at early age? Will iron - rich vegetables and fruits become an additional food group in a revised poverty line?
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2014-12-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/463
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 26 No. Supp 1 (2014)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/464
2018-06-01T07:55:04Z
IJCH:RA
"141231 2014 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Potential use of Red Palm Oil in Combating Vitamin A deficiency in India
Manorama, K
Deficiency of vitamin A has long been recognized as a serious and preventable nutritional disease. Various intervention strategies have been implemented to combat the problem. Massive dosing of the vitamin has the advantage of immediate implementation but suffers from the disadvantage in that it applies to the isolated nutrient and requires repetitive administration. Natural food sources regularly included in diets offer a more viable long term solution. Red palm oil (RPO) can emerge as a viable alternative to other vitamin A rich foods, since it contains enormous amounts of natural carotenoids to the tune of around 700 PPM, the predominant ones being a and b carotene which have the highest biological potential for vitamin A conversion. Value addition of palm oil for edible purposes results in several nutritionally rich products like edible grade red palm oil (RPO), deacidified, deodourised RPOlein, isolated carotenoids and refined, bleached and deodourized palmolein oil RBD palmolein). RBD palmolein oil can serve as a replacement for any other commonly used edible oil, but has little additional advantage over other edible oils, stripped of its carotenoids. However, it’s naturally rich composition of tocopherols and tocotrienols, as well as the balanced fatty acid composition, makes it more superior to other edible oils used for dietary purposes. Addition of RBD palmolein to hydrogenated vegetable oil confers no advantage, and paradoxically, decreases it’s beneficial properties making it a more harmful vegetable oil from the cardiovascular health angle, because of conversion of fatty acids from the cis to trans type.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2014-12-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/464
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 26 No. Supp 1 (2014)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/465
2018-06-01T07:55:02Z
IJCH:RA
"141231 2014 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
De-Mystifying Saturated Fats – A Perspective
Mani, Indu
Kurpad, Anura V
Kurpad, Anura V
Since the 1980s the world has been repeatedly informed about the harmful effects of saturated fatty acids. The USDA recommends that SFA consumption should be < 10 en%, while the American Heart Association goes a step further and suggests that the intakes should be reduced to < 7 en%. However, recent findings are increasingly questioning this advice, showing evidence that consumption of SFA may actually be better than increasing intake of either carbohydrates or polyunsaturated fatty acids. This article aims to summarize some of this information, with emphasis on its relevance to Indian diets.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2014-12-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/465
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 26 No. Supp 1 (2014)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/466
2018-06-01T07:55:01Z
IJCH:RA
"141231 2014 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Cost effectiveness of palm oil in comparison to other oils and fats in the country with special emphasis on lower income group
Singh, R P
Fats and oils in the form of vegetable oils are integral part of diet and comprise of an important source of calorie density and micronutrients in human diet. The per capita edible oil consumption in India (14.5 kg in 2012-2013) has been steadily rising over the decades but is still short of the average worldwide consumption in the developed countries. Especially the below poverty line population lags far behind in terms of per capita edible oil consumption and therefore is a major reason for widespread malnutrition. Inadequate consumption of edible oils, which acts as vehicle (mainly promotes absorption in intestine) for important micronutrients like vitamin A, D, E and K, is the root cause behind this. Palm oil is an important source of carotenoids (pro-vitamin A), tocols (Vitamin E), sterols, essential fatty acid and is cost effective in comparison to other edible oils. Crude palm oil which is orange red in color is refined, bleached and deodorized to produce the universally known bright golden oil. Palm oil is a natural semi-solid oil and on fraction it yields soft fraction and hard fraction. Olein (liquid fraction) is mostly used as a cooking and frying oil. Stearin finds many applications in solid fat formulations and is extensively used in food processing.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2014-12-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/466
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 26 No. Supp 1 (2014)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/467
2018-06-01T07:54:59Z
IJCH:RA
"141231 2014 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Scientific basis of fat requirement for Indians and recent trends in CVD
Ibrahim, S Ahamed
Dietary fats have several roles such as provision of metabolic energy, fat soluble vitamins and essential fatty acids (linoleic, LA and ?-linolenic, ALNA). Fats improve texture and palatability and have a satiety role. LA and ALNA and their long-chain polyunstaturated fatty acids (LC n-6 PUFA and LC n-3 PUFA respectively) are important structural membrane components and therefore essential for formation of new tissues. LC n-3 PUFA have specific role in vision and nervous system. Both n-6 and n-3 PUFA are essential for fetal and early infant growth and development and nervous tissue development. The absolute levels and ratio of n-6 and n-3 PUFA in membrane affect a wide range of physiological processes either directly or through eicosanoids. The individual components of fats affect the risk of diet - related chronic diseases through the atherogenic effects of plasma lipids, insulin resistance, thrombosis, endothelial dysfunction as well as pathways of inflammation. The chain length/geometric configuration of double bonds and position of saturated (SFA), mono unsaturated (MUFA) or PUFA on glycerol backbone (triglyceride structure) modify the nutritional and metabolic effects of dietary fats. The non-glyceride components present in the vegetable oils have hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant effects. Several lines of evidence have documented that restrictions in SFA and cholesterol, negligible intake of trans fatty acids (TFA) on the one hand and preference for more than one type of vegetable oil (to ensure adequate absolute intakes of LA, ALNA and their ratio), adding n-3 PUFA from fish or plant sources, and ensuring moderate intake of total fat in the diet substantially reduces the risk of diet-related chronic diseases. Studies were done at National Institute of Nutrition on intake of individual fatty acids, the pro/anti-athero-thrombogenic effects of different types of visible fats in Indian adults, insulin sensitivity and the antioxidant properties of unique non glyceride components of some of the commonly consumed edible oils. From the data generated, the quantity and combination of visible fats, foods to be preferred so as to increase ‘healthy fats', foods to be avoided/restricted to reduce ‘unhealthy fats' have been worked out. Ensuring optimal intake of fat (quantity and quality) throughout life-span may contribute to the widely prevalent nutrition and health problems in India (low birth weight, chronic energy deficiency and diet-related chronic diseases).
The rapid increase in prevalence of diet-related chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes, obesity and hypertension worldwide possess an immense public health and medical challenge for the implementation of successful preventive and treatment strategies. Insulin resistance is an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes and is often associated with other metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular risk factors. Moreover it is also an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Obesity when associated with abdominal adiposity is an important determinant of insulin resistance and represents the most important risk factor for type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. The explanation for the explosion of the epidemic of chronic diseases involve changes in dietary habits and or / increasing the sedentary life style, since our genetic pool remained stable. Poor control of the life style risk factors results in metabolic dysregulation, endothelial dysfunction and increased adiposity which in turn together lead to dyslipidemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, systemic inflammation, thrombosis and risk of arrhythmia (1). The ultimate result is sub clinical and then clinically apparent CVD including coronary heart disease (CHD), cardiac arrhythmia, heart failure and stroke. The best way of preventing chronic diseases is to take a balanced diet that does not provide excess calories along with regular physical activity. Over the past few decades evidences that has accumulated suggests that both the quality and quantity of dietary fat is associated with pathogenesis of several diet-related chronic diseases (2).
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2014-12-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/467
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 26 No. Supp 1 (2014)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/468
2018-06-01T07:54:58Z
IJCH:RA
"141231 2014 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Food Fortification in India: A Literature Review
Liu, Pam
Bhatia, Rita
Pachón, Helena
., Emory
Background: India has a high prevalence of micronutrient deficiency-related health risks, which can be improved by food fortification. Objectives: To identify and analyze single or multiple micronutrient (MMN) food-fortification studies for their efficacy and effectiveness in India. Methods: Papers from searching 10 databases were independently screened by two researchers. Data were abstracted to summarize food fortification results on biological markers, anthropometry, clinical, morbidity, cognition, dietary intake, and physical performance. Results: Forty-seven papers, of which 25 were randomized controlled trials, were included for analysis. Children ?12 y were the main population (n=38). Food vehicles were cereals (n=6), oils and salts (n=18), and other (e.g., school meals (n=23)). Improvements in ?1 biological markers were reported in all 35 papers (22 MMN, 9 Iron, 4 Iodine) with interpretable results. More specifically, iron or hemoglobin improvements were noted in all papers fortifying with MMN or solely iron. Iodine nutriture was improved in all salt iodization papers. Eight of 14, 6 of 7, 2 of 6, 4 of 6, 1 of 4, and 1 of 1 papers with interpretable results showed ?1 positive result of fortification in anthropometry, clinical signs, morbidity, cognition, dietary intake, and physical performance, respectively. Conclusion: Research in India suggests food fortification improves biological markers, particularly iron and hemoglobin when fortifying with MMN or iron. MMN fortification saw more health impacts than using single fortificants. Iodine status was improved through salt iodization. Existing government nutrition programs, especially those that target children, are good avenues for food fortification implementation.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2014-12-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/468
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 26 No. Supp 1 (2014)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/477
2018-06-01T07:54:44Z
IJCH:RA
"141231 2014 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Nutritional composition of Chickpea (Cicerarietinum-L) and value added products - a review
Hirdyani, Harsha
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important pulse crop grown and consumed all over the world, especially in the Afro-Asian countries. It is a good source of carbohydrates and protein, and the protein quality is considered to be better than other pulses. Chickpea has significant amounts of all the essential amino acids. Starch is the major storage carbohydrate followed by dietary fibre, lipids are present in low amounts but chickpea is rich in nutritionally important unsaturated fatty acids like linoleic and oleic acid. It can be utilized to develop nutritious value added products and hence products can also be used as nutritious food for low income group in developing countries and for patients suffering with life style diseases.)
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2014-12-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/477
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 26 No. Supp 2 (2014)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/524
2018-06-01T07:32:15Z
IJCH:RA
"150331 2015 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Prevalence of Hypertension and its optimal management issues in Rural India: An unmet health care need
R, Prashanth H
Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
IK, Annie
Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
Isaac, Rita
Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
Cardiovascular diseases are the number one cause of death globally. They account for approximately 17 million deaths in the world each year (1).Of these deaths, complications of high blood pressure account for more than nine million, including about half of all deaths from heart disease and stroke(2).The number of adults with hypertension in 2025 was predicted to increase by about 60% to a total of 1•56 billion (1•54–1•58 billion)(3). In India too, overall morbidity and mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is rising rapidly which will have severe impact on the already frail economy (4). Many studies done in different settings in India have shown that the prevalence of hypertension ranges from as high as 20-50 percent in both rural and urban population (Table 1) (5). Contradictory to the earlier reports that the prevalence of hypertension is low in rural areas, the recent studies have shown that the rural-urban differences have largely disappeared and the hypertension and other risk factors for cardiovascular diseases are only equal or slightly greater in the rural population (6). A recent study done by the authors in a rural population in Tamilnadu found that 27.2% of adults between 18 to 60 years have hypertension (7). Also the studies show that more than 50% of the men and women above 60 years old are hypertensive in rural South India (8). This observation has major repercussion on India’s health system and health expenditure in the context of improved life expectancy and a significant increase in the proportion of people living in the age group of 60 years and above in India.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2015-03-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/524
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 27 No. 1 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/525
2018-06-01T07:32:13Z
IJCH:RA
"150331 2015 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Role of Primary Care Providers in Tobacco Cessation, Tobacco Dependence Treatment
Ruhil, Rohini
Yes Health Care Clinic, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh
Background: Tobacco use is very common among Indian society. In fact, tobacco use is responsible for majority of morbidity and mortality in India and worldwide. Tobacco has been identified as “addictive” and tobacco dependence has been defined as a health problem in ICD-10. Aims & Objectives: This review article aims to emphasize the role of primary health care providers in tobacco cessation and to give recommendations after identifying barriers and exploring the present scenario. Material Methods: Several studies, journals and web-based articles have been referred to support the evidence that a brief tobacco cessation advice from physicians could help the patient quit. Result: Studies show that there is lack of participation from primary health care providers for tobacco cessation. Several barriers have been identified in many studies and also there exist some solutions to these barriers. Conclusion: It has been concluded in the article that primary health care providers should be trained and supported with all possible resources so that they can screen tobacco use in patients and could help them quit.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2015-03-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/525
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 27 No. 1 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/526
2018-06-01T07:30:57Z
IJCH:RA
"150331 2015 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Personal and social issues involved in cancer development
Naoghare, Pravin K
Environmental Health Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, India
Shekh, Ajam
Environmental Health Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, India
Bafana, Amit
Environmental Health Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, India
Mulay, Priyanka
Environmental Health Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, India
Devi, Sivenasan Saravana
Environmental Health Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, India
Krishnamurthi, Kannan
Environmental Health Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, India
Cancer is termed as a group of diseases and caused due to several genetic and environmental factors. Personal and social environments mostly decide the fate of cancer development in the community. With the advancement in cancer research, new therapeutic drugs and instruments have been developed to treat and cure cancer at an early stage of its development. However, less priority was given on the personal and social issues. Thus, the present review discusses the role of personal and social issues involved in the development of cancer.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2015-03-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/526
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 27 No. 1 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/555
2018-06-01T07:30:13Z
IJCH:RA
"150630 2015 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Evidence-based first aid and prevention guidelines for lay people in India
Buck, Emmy De
Remoortel, Hans Van
Geuvens, Hugo
Veegaete, Axel Vande
Singhal, Maneesh
Vandekerckhove, Philippe
Agarwal, Satya Paul
Background: Training first medical responders is considered an extremely cost-effective intervention for frequently occurring diseases and injuries in low and middle-income countries. Aims & Objectives: The Belgian Red Cross-Flanders together with the Indian Red Cross Society, aimed to develop evidence-based guidelines to train lay people on how to manage and prevent emergency situations in India. Methods: Evidence-based guidelines were developed adhering to the principles of AGREE II. The reporting of the systematic literature reviews was done according to the PRISMA statements. We identified evidence on the effectiveness of various first aid and preventive procedures from Indian studies and on alternative interventions that have been used by Indian laypeople. The quality of the scientific evidence was determined using the GRADE methodology. Values and preferences from the target group were collected and inputs from a multidisciplinary panel of 12 Indian experts were taken. Result: After developing 77 specific search strategies in PubMed, 10055 references were screened and 90 relevant studies were included as a basis for the recommendations in the guidelines. Examples of effective interventions include rice water for diarrhoea, and gargling to prevent respiratory infections. Conclusion: Evidence-based first aid and prevention guidelines for Indian laypeople were developed. These guidelines will increase the capacity of the Indian Red Cross Society in providing appropriate first aid training and first aid information to the public, and in delivering first aid assistance in case of disasters, disease outbreaks, emergencies, and road accidents in India.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2015-06-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/555
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 27 No. 2 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/556
2018-06-01T07:30:12Z
IJCH:RA
"150630 2015 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Road safety in India: A Public Health Concern
Parsekar, Shradha S
Singh, Mannat M
Venkatesh, Bhumika T
Nair, Sreekumaran N
Introduction: Road traffic accident (RTA) is one of the major preventable public health problems and is on the rise which can be attributed to increase in the number of vehicles and lifestyle changes and risky attitudes. This paper is intended to search for available published information which in turn might help the policy makers as well as practitioners to make use of it. Methods: The information has been gathered from papers related to RTAs from various databases such as PubMed, Google scholar, government websites to get an overview in India for the last 15 years. Result and Conclusion: The burden of RTA was found to be considerably high globally as well as in India. RTA causes a number of effects which can be: economical, physical, psychological and social. The burden of RTA is on the rise which makes it necessary to take a multi-sectoral approach in its prevention and control
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2015-06-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/556
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 27 No. 2 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/575
2018-06-01T07:29:44Z
IJCH:RA
"150930 2015 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Health Status of Elderly in India-The Path Ahead
Mathur, Shradha
Mathur, Navin
Health of the ageing individuals has become a rising concern, particularly due to unpreparedness, unresponsiveness and lack of negligence to this specific population group and ignored status of geriatrics in India. The objectives of the present study are (1) To explore the demographic structure of the Indian elderly population, (2) To reflect on the factors responsible for health problems and deaths among the Indian elderly, and (3) To critically evaluate the situation of health expenditure in India. The article is based on analysis of secondary data from World Health Organization (W.H.O), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, and Ministry of Home Affairs, the Government of India. The data has been analyzed and presented thematically in order of the objectives listed. The authors propose pragmatic, operational and contextually significant key recommendations for the improvement and enhancement of health status of elderly persons in India
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2015-09-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/575
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 27 No. 3 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/597
2018-06-01T07:29:12Z
IJCH:RA
"151231 2015 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Adolescent health problems in India: A review from 2001 to 2015
Bej, Punyatoya
Adolescence is a period in which all the habits and behaviour like high risk behaviour, substance abuse and eating habits develop that have lifelong impact. In India, programmes have been launched to address all the problems faced during adolescent period, still then adolescents are facing problems. In this review the problems faced by Indian adolescents were highlighted from the past 14 years’ studies. The studies were searched from 2001 to 2015 from Pub Med, Google scholar and other community medicine and public health related journals. The problems included were sexual health and teenage pregnancy, problems related to menstruation, illicit drugs, tobacco and alcohol use. Anaemia, eating problems, obesity, behavioural problems and oral health among adolescent were also reviewed. Nineteen abstracts and 52 full texts were available. Sexual health knowledge among adolescent varies from 41% to poor. Knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases and sexuality is less. Prevalence of dysmenorrhoea varies from 67.2% to 56.15% among adolescent girls. Prevalence of tobacco use varies from 25.1 to 12%. Prevalence of obesity varies from 3.4% to 0.35% and overweight varies from 5.5% to 5.84%. Prevalence of anaemia varies from 29% to 41.1%. Adolescents are facing depressive problems, physical fights, worry and loneliness. Prevalence of depression varies from 18.4% to 13.3%. Prevalence of dental problems varies from 18.2 to 41%. The review revealed that adolescents in India are facing problems of sexually transmitted infections, dysmenorrhea, tobacco and alcohol use, depression, physical fights, worry, loneliness and oral health problems. This needs a participation of family, community and government to resolve the issue.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2015-12-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/597
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 27 No. 4 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/598
2018-06-01T07:29:11Z
IJCH:RA
"151231 2015 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
The Roots of “Brown Sahib Medical Men’s” Burden
Ruhil, Rohini
Background: Bhore Committee was setup at a time of great capitalism crisis – the Second World War. In India, there was an acute emergence of the nationalist movements at that time. Indian people were being oppressed under the British colonial rule for more than 200 years and their socio-economic conditions were very poor. The health conditions of Indian people at that time were reflection of their socio-economic conditions and were very poor. India had a severe shortage of human resource for healthcare. Subsequently Bhore Committee and Sokhey Committee gave their recommendations which were further reviewed in 1959 by Mudaliar committee. Aims and Objectives - This review article aims to critically compare the strategies for developing human resource for health; proposed by the Bhore Committee, Sokhey Committee, and the Mudaliar Committee reports; and to discuss their implications. Material and Methods: Rigorous literature review was done to extract the information. Thematic analysis was done to generate main themes and sub-themes. The paper was then structured, analysed and concluded at the end. Results and Conclusion: The medical education today has become the privilege of English speaking, urban based, rich, upper class and caste students. On the other hand majority of downtrodden section of society got buried under the burden of “Brown Sahib medical men” such trends divide the society in to an upper class of English proficient intellectuals riding on the backs of lower class who can only sell its labour.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2015-12-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/598
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 27 No. 4 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/615
2018-06-01T07:28:49Z
IJCH:RA
"151231 2015 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Zinc Deficiency in Humans and its Amelioration
Shivay, Yashbir Singh
Zinc (Zn) deficiency in humans has recently received considerable attention. Global mortality in children under 5 years of age in 2004 due to Zn deficiency was estimated at 4,53,207 as against 6,66,771 for vitamin A deficiency; 20,854 for iron deficiency and 3,619 for iodine deficiency. In humans 2800-3000 proteins contain Zn prosthetic group and Zn is an integral component of zinc finger prints that regulate DNA transcription. Zinc is a Type-2 nutrient, which means that its concentration in blood does not decrease in proportion of the Zn deficiency. Adverse effects of Zn deficiency vary with age: low weight gain, diarrhoea, aneroxia and neurobehavioral disturbances are observed in infants, while skin changes and dwarfism are frequent in toddlers and adolescents. Common manifestations of Zn deficiency among elderly include hypogeusia, chronic non-healing ulcers and recurrent infections.
Ameliorative measures of Zn deficiency in humans can be classified in two groups, namely, nutraceutical and biofortification of food grains. Nutraceutical interventions include pharmaceutical supplements, dietary supplements and dietary diversification, while biofortification of food grains can be achieved by genetic modification (GM) of crops or by agronomic techniques that include soil or/and foliar fertilization of crops. The major disadvantage of nutraceutical approaches is that the major beneficiaries are urban people and the poor rural masses that need adequate Zn nutrition most are left out. Genetic biofortification of food grains requires large amounts of funds and a fairly long-period of time. Further, a large number of countries have not yet accepted genetically modified (GM) foods. On the other hand agronomic biofortification of food grains yields immediate effects and rural and urban people are equally benefitted. Our studies have shown that Zn concentration in cereals (rice, wheat etc) and pulses can be considerably increased by soil or/and foliar fertilization of cereal and pulse crops with Zn. Needless to add that cereals and pulses are the major components of a vegetarian human diet in India.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2015-12-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/615
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 27 No. Supp 1 (2015)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/639
2018-06-01T07:23:28Z
IJCH:RA
"160331 2016 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Blinding in randomized control trials: the enigma unraveled.
Saxena, Vartika
Naithani, Manisha
Mirza, Anissa Atif
The search for new treatments and testing of new ideas begins in the laboratory and then established in clinical research settings. Studies addressing the same therapeutic problem may produce conflicting results hence Randomised Clinical Trial is regarded as the most valid method for assessing the benefits and harms of healthcare interventions. The next challenge face by the medical community is the validity of such trials as theses tend to deviate from the truth because of various biases. For the avoidance of the same it has been suggested that the validity or quality of primary trials should be assessed under blind conditions. Thus blinding, is a crucial method for reducing bias in randomized clinical trials. Blinding can be defined as withholding information about the assigned interventions from people involved in the trial who may potentially be prejudiced by this knowledge. In this article we make an effort to define blinding, explain its chronology, hierarchy and discuss methods of blinding, its assessment, its possibility, un-blinding and finally the latest guidelines.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2016-03-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/639
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 28 No. 1 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/640
2018-06-01T07:23:26Z
IJCH:RA
"160331 2016 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Progress towards Millennium Development Goals with women empowerment
Chaturvedi, Shobha
Singh, Geetu
Rai, Preeti
Background: Women empowerment is a powerful determinant of their own, children’s and their families’ health. Perhaps, due to this fact, promotion of gender equality and empowering women was kept as one of the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Objective: The present analysis was undertaken to study the effect of women empowerment on health of women, family planning and various health indicators of children. Methods: Available data from National Surveys in India, various research studies and evidences from published global studies were gathered and further analyzed. Results: Census 2011 (India) have shown that states having higher women literacy, like Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra (75%), have better positive indicators of health than states like Rajasthan with 53 % literacy. NFHS -3 (India) showed that empowered women had better access to maternal services (76 %), more use of contraception (66.6%) and resultantly, had lower neonatal mortality (36%). As against this, for less empowered women, access to maternal services (72 %) is low, lesser use of contraception (44%) and relatively higher neonatal mortality (43%). A systematic analysis of 175 countries (Lancet, 2010) has established that increase in women education decreases under five child mortality. Conclusions: Investments in women’s employment, health and education, are correlated with a range of positive outcomes, including greater economic growth and children’s health and survival.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2016-03-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/640
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 28 No. 1 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/641
2018-06-01T07:23:25Z
IJCH:RA
"160331 2016 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
A Meta-Analysis: Colostrum Feeding Practices in Uttar Pradesh, India
Chaturvedi, Manish
Awasthi, Sadhana
Background: Breast milk is the natural first food for babies. It continues to provide up to half or more of the child’s nutritional needs during the second half of the first year, and up to one third during the second year of life. Breastfeeding is the safest, least allergic and best infant feeding method. It has nutritional, immunological, behavioral and economic benefits and provides desirable mother infant bonding.
Objective: To do the meta- analysis of Colostrum feeding practices of baseline study of 2004 with other studies conducted after 2004 in Uttar Pradesh.
Material & Methods: The Baseline study on Colostrum feeding practices in Uttar Pradesh was done in 2004. The meta-analysis was done taking seven other studies following this one taking same variable.
Results: In baseline study of 2004, the colostrum given was found to be 22.22%.
Conclusion: Deprivation from colostrum feeding and suboptimal breast feeding practices are significant risk factors for under-nutrition among under-fives. There is need for promotion and protection of optimal breast feeding practices for improving nutritional status of children.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2016-03-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/641
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 28 No. 1 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/642
2018-06-01T07:23:23Z
IJCH:RA
"160331 2016 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Differential in Utilization of Maternal Care Services in Empowered Action Group States, India (1990-2006)
Yadav, Jeetendra
Kumar, Jiten
Gautam, Subhash
Yadav, Ram Janak
Background: Low use of maternal care services is one of the reasons why child mortality and maternal mortality is still considerably high in India. Most maternal deaths are preventable if mothers receive essential health care before, during, and after childbirth. In India, the eight socioeconomically backward states referred to as the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states; lag behind in the demographic transition and low utilization of maternal health care services. Addressing the maternity care needs of women may have considerable ramifications for achieving the Millennium Development Goal (MDG – 5).
Aims & Objectives: To explore the prevalence, trends and factors associated with the utilization of maternal care services in Empowered Action Group States, India (1990-2006).
Material Methods: Data from three rounds of the round of the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), known as the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) of India were analyzed. Bivariate and multivariate-pooled logistic regression model were applied to examine the utilization of the maternal and child health care trends over time.
Result: The results from analysis indicate that the full ANC and skilled birth attendant (SBA) has increased from 17% and 20% to 25% and35% respectively during the last one and half decade (1990-2006).
Conclusion: Various socioeconomic and demographic factors are associated with the utilization of maternal care services in EAG states, India. Promoting the use of family planning, female education, targeting vulnerable groups such as poor, illiterate, high parity women, involving media and grass root level workers and collaboration between community leaders and health care system could be some important policy level interventions to address the unmet need of maternal and child health care services among women. The study concludes that much of these differentials are social constructs that can be reduced by prioritizing the needs of the disadvantaged and adopting appropriate policy change options in EAG states in India
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2016-03-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/642
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 28 No. 1 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/661
2018-06-01T07:22:55Z
IJCH:RA
"160630 2016 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
The Assessment of Patient Clinical Outcome: Advantages, Models, Features of an Ideal Model
Hourani, Mou’ath
Shambour, Qusai
Turab, Nidal
Background: The assessment of patient clinical outcome focuses on measuring various aspects of the health status of a patient who is under healthcare intervention. Patient clinical outcome assessment is a very significant process in the clinical field as it allows health care professionals to better understand the effectiveness of their health care programs and thus for enhancing the health care quality in general. It is thus vital that a high quality, informative review of current issues regarding the assessment of patient clinical outcome should be conducted. Aims & Objectives: 1) Summarizes the advantages of the assessment of patient clinical outcome; 2) reviews some of the existing patient clinical outcome assessment models namely: Simulation, Markov, Bayesian belief networks, Bayesian statistics and Conventional statistics, and Kaplan-Meier analysis models; and 3) demonstrates the desired features that should be fulfilled by a well-established ideal patient clinical outcome assessment model. Material & Methods: An integrative review of the literature has been performed using the Google Scholar to explore the field of patient clinical outcome assessment. Conclusion: This paper will directly support researchers, clinicians and health care professionals in their understanding of developments in the domain of the assessment of patient clinical outcome, thus enabling them to propose ideal assessment models.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2016-06-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/661
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 28 No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/662
2018-06-01T07:22:54Z
IJCH:RA
"160630 2016 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Global Killer Ebola: How was it handled by the Indian press?
Paul, Sourabh
Mahajan, Preetam B
Sahoo, Jyotiranjan
Background: World has witnessed many devastating outbreaks in the past and ebola outbreak of 2014 is one among them as WHO declared it as “International public health emergency”. Aims & Objectives: To access the coverage of ebola related articles (ERA) in India’s three major English print media. Material & Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried out from June 2014 to March 2015 among three leading national English newspapers of India (Times of India, The Hindu and The Telegraph). “Ebola” was used as a search term to identify the ebola related articles (ERAs) in respective websites of the selected newspapers. All the eligible ERAs were entered into a data extraction form (DEF) for content analysis. Results: Total number of ERAs published during the study period was 967. Hindu (443) was leading followed by Times of India (390) and Telegraph (134). Majority of the ERAs were concern about ebola (30.3%) followed by ebola related activates (28.9%) and ebola as a disease (26.9%). ERAs were mainly published in international section and in the form of news items and source was mentioned properly (50%). Photograph and Infrographics proportion was very minimal. Conclusion: In spite of ERAs presence in English print media there is a need to publish more articles of ongoing epidemics particularly on the front pages, from authentic sources and provide richer information that is suitable for the mass population of the country.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2016-06-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/662
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 28 No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/678
2018-06-01T07:22:32Z
IJCH:RA
"160930 2016 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Lower Socio-economic Status and Cardiovascular Disease: Role of Healthcare Facility and Policy in India
Singh, Arti
Dixit, Shikha
Background: Cardio-vascular disease (CVD) is one of the main cause of mortality Worldwide and India is no exception. Unlike developed countries, where both CVD prevalence and mortality has been established to affect lower socio-economic status (SES), in India there is no consensus among researchers over socio-economic patterning of CVD prevalence but the mortality rate has been reported to disproportionately affect the economically weaker sections. Aims & Objectives: This article, focuses at the issue of how lack of good healthcare facilities and non-supportive health policies are affecting CVD mortality positively among lower SES of India. Challenges of the Indian healthcare system in context of lower SES can be described in terms of the issue of availability, accessibility and affordability. Inadequate policy and public healthcare system either leads to the problem of high Out-of-Pocket Payments (OPP) or opting out of the treatment, which further increases poverty and mortality among them. Moreover, limited insurance coverage and inadequate regulatory policies for alcohol and tobacco-leading CVD risk factors among lower SES groups – do little to discourage its use among them. Conclusion: Since, lower SES people in India are already under the burden of communicable diseases, government should take immediate steps to control the mortality among them by creating a supportive environment through pro-poor health policies and healthcare facilities.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2016-09-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/678
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 28 No. 3 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/679
2018-06-01T07:22:31Z
IJCH:RA
"160930 2016 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
The government policy related to sugar-sweetened beverages in Indonesia
Haning, Mohamad Thahir
Arundhana, Andi Imam
Muqni, Asry Dwi
Background: There are several options to enforce reduction in the use of sugary drinks such as strengthening regulations, taxation on the products and food labeling. Aims & Objectives: 1) Identify the policy in Indonesia that regulates the quantity and the use of sugar in a beverage product; 2) Describe the sugar content in sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and its impact on human health. Material & Methods: Literature search on sugar use and tax policies on SSB was conducted and 6 relevant documents were found. A total of 91 SSB products were selected systematically by randomly selecting 5 beverages per day for 20 days. Beverages chosen were certified Halal by Majelis Ulama Indonesia, having product labeling, and certified by BPOM. Results: Indonesia has no policy related to restriction of sugar use. The contribution of sugar to energy of SSB products is quite high (75.68%). SSB intake may increase the risk of obesity and non-communicable diseases. Conclusion: The absence of tax policy and rules for regulating the use of sugar in a product can cause an increase in sugar consumption per day. It could potentially lead to non-communicable diseases and could have enormous consequences in health financing. The government needs to create policies for preventing the widespread impact of sugar consumption. Advocacy efforts to encourage the establishment of SSB taxation should be done.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2016-09-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/679
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 28 No. 3 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/698
2018-06-01T07:22:05Z
IJCH:RA
"161231 2016 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
The accessibility of HIV-infected Poor Women to the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission Service in Surakarta Indonesia
Demartoto, Argyo
Zunariyah, Siti
Soemanto, Robertus Bellarminus
Background: HIV transmission from HIV-infected mother to child can occur through pregnancy, birth and lactation process; therefore, there should be Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission or PMTCT. Aims & Objectives: This research aimed to study the HIV-infected poor women’s accessibility to the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission Service in Surakarta Indonesia. Material & Methods: This study was a qualitative research with explorative approach conducted in October-December 2015 and HIV-infected poor women as the unit of analysis. The sampling technique used was maximum variation sampling. Techniques of collecting data used were observation, in-depth interview and documentation, while data analysis was conducted using an Interactive Model of analysis with materialist theory. Results: Structural, financial and personal or cultural constraints were found: less target-appropriate health insurance policy, expensive cost of delivery with section caesarian surgery and breastfeed-substituting formula milk, and limited knowledge, experience and negotiation with the service provider leading to the HIV-infected Poor Women’s limited accessibility to comprehensive and sustainable PMTCT. PMTCT socialization, the giving-birth insurance and Food Supplementation program activation by Empowerment Work Group in AIDS Coping Commission in Surakarta City was the opportunity to access PMTCT service. Conclusion: Although PMTCT resulted in some problems, particularly formula milk administration and delivery process with section caesarian surgery, this attempt should be taken to make the baby born healthy. For that reasons, PMTCT service and health insurance should be improved from beneficiary data to accessible and sustainable procedure.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2016-12-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/698
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 28 No. 4 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c)
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/716
2022-06-11T06:04:20Z
IJCH:RA
"170331 2017 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
A review of current strategy for rabies prevention and control in the developing world
Garg, Suneela
Basu, Saurav
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1336-8720
Dahiya, Neha
The control of Rabies, a zoonotic viral disease is a major public challenge in several developing countries. Current approaches for rabies control are overwhelmingly directed towards provision of effective post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) to animal bite victims. The enormous costs involved in rabies prophylaxis is an important factor precluding its universal application in all animal bite victims especially in those residing in resource constrained settings. The intradermal route of administration has been shown to be cost effective except in peripheral regions with fewer animal bite cases. Nevertheless, rabies control program with their expected emphasis on human rabies prophylaxis have neglected canine vaccination. The feasibility of canine rabies vaccination depends primarily upon allocation of resources through political commitment and effective public private partnerships. However, in large parts of the world including India formal dog ownership constitutes a small minority of the overall canine population while state funded canine vaccination drives often fail to impress policy makers who struggle to maintain budgets for adequate coverage of rabies PEP for animal bite victims. The key to rabies control may therefore rest upon a one health approach with development of newer vaccine technology which is cost effective for vaccination in both, man and animal.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2017-03-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/716
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 29 No. 1 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/735
2022-06-11T07:10:07Z
IJCH:RA
"170630 2017 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Improving maternal health quality: reviewing the context and consequences
Chauhan, Anshul
Narayanan, Prakash
D'souza, Jyoshma
Background: Approximately 99% of pregnancy-related deaths in developing countries are due to preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth which signifies that around 800 women die every day due to such causes. Major causes that lead to maternal deaths are post-partum hemorrhage, infections, high blood pressure and unsafe abortion. There are several facilities being provided for pregnant mothers yet the quality of care needs to be analyzed. Objectives: To understand the quality perspective of maternal health services and to review available evidence for strengthening maternal health services. Material & Methods: Research studies published between 2006 and 2016 were selected by specific inclusion criteria. Pub Med and Google Scholar were used to search studies on the topic, and few articles were identified through references and citations. Results: The result of the review highlighted the evidence of pitfalls, gaps in quality care, and need for interventions and approaches to improve the quality of maternal health care. Conclusion: Quality care encompasses various elements which stride towards improving the health of women and the interventions are to be scaled up to improve the quality of care. Generation of public health evidence and uniformity in quality assessments can help interventions to achieve desirable standards.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2017-06-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/735
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 29 No. 2 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/771
2022-06-13T05:35:58Z
IJCH:RA
"171231 2017 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Is eating organic a healthy or safer option? Health claims for organic food consumption, food quality and safety – A systematic review
Ghai, Sneha
Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh
Sharma, Ashok
Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh
Dasgupta, Pinaki
International Management Institute, New Delhi
Universally, there has been an increased awareness about the harmful effects of chemical inputs used for production of food on soil composition, environment and human health. This has triggered the consumption level of organic food products. India has witnessed a tremendous growth in domestic as well as export market. The demand is mainly driven by consumer perceptions that organic farming is more sustainable, produces healthy food, pesticide-free and safeguards the environment & biodiversity. Organic food producers also manifests the quality and safety of food. These claims which are perceived and professed as beneficial can only be accepted if they are tested and validated. Therefore, the foremost objective of this review paper is to provide an update on set of studies related to scientific evidence for nutritional composition marking the quality of organic foods vis-à-vis conventional foods and its impact on human health. Secondly, the paper examines the comparison of the sensory quality of the organic food, and thirdly the food safety aspect of organically as compared with conventionally grown foods. Past few controlled studies have proved that there is no such evidence of differences in concentration of various nutrients amongst organic and conventional foods. Furthermore, there are certain issues related to the impact and assessment of these nutrients in organic food which requires some future directives. Owing to the heterogeneity in results observed related to nutritional quality and safety of organic foods, technological aspects together with sensory parameters are the best for future comparative studies. To safeguard the public health and to avoid the difference in sampling and sample results, testing laboratories should also be adhering to uniform standards. Organic food business in India lack standard guidelines for quality, policy framework for domestic and export market. Also, traceability is another factor which should be given prime importance to ensure removal of fraudulent practices.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2017-12-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/771
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 29 No. 4 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/793
2022-06-13T06:39:37Z
IJCH:RA
"180331 2018 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Public health emergencies in urban India
Acharya, Bhabani Prasad
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Daniel, Roy Arokiam
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8124-8160
Baridalyne, Nongkynrih
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6088-9230
Gupta, Sanjeev Kumar
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Public health emergencies in urban India can be caused by natural or man-made disasters. Occurrence of a public health emergency adds to the already stretched health system. This paper looks into the public health emergency conditions in urban India, and our preparedness to tackle them. To address this composite threat to nation’s health and development, a concerted public health response is needed, that can ensure efficient delivery in emergency situations
Public health emergency is an occurrence or eminent threat of an illness or health condition caused by bio-terrorism, epidemic or pandemic disease, or novel and highly fatal infectious agent or biological toxin, that possess a substantial risk of a significant number of human facilities or incidents or permanent or long–term disability (1). It is a condition that requires the government to declare a state of public health emergency. The declaration of a state of public health emergency permits the government to suspend state regulations,and change the functions of state agencies (2).
Term “Urban” refers to perplexing variety of environments. Health circumstances of small cities and town differ in many ways from larger cities and metros. Within cities, change in lifestyle of residents is observed. The urban system is often present with full array of health providers ranging from traditional healer, street drug seller to highly –trained surgeons (3).
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2018-03-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/793
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 30 No. 1 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/809
2022-06-13T09:31:58Z
IJCH:RA
"180425 2018 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Supplementation of higher doses of Iron in programmes to control anaemia is a double edged sword
Mahajan, Preetam B
Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences
BS, Rama Krishna
S R M Institutes Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Transplant (SIGHT) SIMS, Chennai
Kapil, Umesh
All India Institute of Medical Sciences-New Delhi
Ramadass, Balamurugan
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Anemia is a major public health problem globally. Due to loss of 42.2 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2011, Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) was ranked among the top three major causes of disability in the world (1,2). IDA is responsible for at least 50% of anemia and is highly prevalent in India especially among women, children below 5 years, and adolescent girls (3) perhaps due to increased needs, insufficient dietary supplies, poor intervention coverage etc (4). Anemic girls will grow up to anemic mothers and in turn give birth to anemic children. Childhood anemia can have long term consequences. IDA has been associated with developmental deficits, impaired memory and neurodevelopment, diminished physical function, depression, fatigue, loss of vitality, preterm delivery, and lower infant birth weight (5–10). These, effects attributable to anemia remain invisible but are substantial (11), as it has serious health and economic costs and may hinder nation’s development. Therefore, effective and safe interventions are urgently needed across the lifecycle. The issue has attracted global attention and for the first time targets have been suggested like reducing the proportion of anemia among women of reproductive age (WRA) by 50% by 2025 in comparison to the baseline year 2011 (12). This is likely to add impetus to global efforts in reducing anemia and monitor the progress towards it.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2018-04-25 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/809
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 30 No. 1 (Supp) (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/810
2022-06-13T09:32:03Z
IJCH:RA
"180425 2018 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Guidelines for iron supplementation for Prophylaxis of Anemia in a National Programme - A Review
Mondal, Ankita
1National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad
Thomas, Tinku
St John’s Medical College, Bangalore
Swaminathan, Sumathi
St John’s Medical College, Bangalore
Rao, Sanjukta
St John’s Medical College, Bangalore
Varghese, Jithin Sam
St John’s Medical College, Bangalore
Kulkarni, Bharati
National Institute of Nutrition
Sachdev, Harsh Pal Singh
Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi
Kapil, Umesh
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Kurpad, Anura V
St John’s Medical College, Bangalore
Recent National Family Health Survey-4 data shows that anaemia continues to be a major public health problem in India. In India much of the anaemia is due to iron deficiency, and women and children are at the greatest risk of anaemia. TheMinistry of Health and Family Welfare took a policy decision, in 2013, to develop the National Iron+ Initiative (NIPI) to address the prevailing iron deficiency anaemia. This initiative covered pregnant and lactating women, children and adolescents. However, the guidelines do not match the current World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for prevention of iron deficiency anaemia in these population groups. The background evidence for the WHO and NIPI is thus reviewed to come to a common consensus on the optimum recommendation of iron supplementation for the population, while taking into consideration the feasibility of the program, without burdening the groups with iron over-dose. However, from the present review, there is a need for increased number of trials in India that could qualify for a high grade of evidence to support the guidelines of NIPI.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2018-04-25 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/810
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 30 No. 1 (Supp) (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/811
2022-06-13T09:32:10Z
IJCH:RA
"180425 2018 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Current Practice of Iron doses for Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anaemia - A Review
Rao, Sanjukta
St John’s Medical College, Bangalore
Thomas, Tinku
St John’s Medical College, Bangalore
Swaminathan, Sumathi
St John’s Medical College, Bangalore
Varghese, Jithin Sam
St John’s Medical College, Bangalore
Kurpad, Anura V
St John’s Medical College, Bangalore
Mondal, Ankita
National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad
Kulkarni, Bharati
National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad
Sachdev, Harsh Pal Singh
Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi
Kapil, Umesh
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Although functional impairment begins with iron deficiency in the absence of anaemia, the development of anaemia heralds a homeostatic dysfunction that impairs daily activity. Iron deficiency anaemia is often the reason for poor physical performance, maternal and child morbidity and referral to a healthcare professional. (1) Women in their reproductive years, pregnant women and children are most vulnerable to develop iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) and will be the focus of this review.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2018-04-25 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/811
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 30 No. 1 (Supp) (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/812
2022-06-13T09:32:15Z
IJCH:RA
"180425 2018 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Appropriate Doses of Iron for Treatment of Anemia Amongst Pregnant and Lactating Mothers; Under Five Children; Children in 6-10 Years of Age; Adolescent Girls and Women in Reproductive Age Groups
Krishnapillai, Madhavan Nair
National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad, Telangana
Choudhury, Dripta Roy
National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad, Telangana
Konapur, Archana
National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad, Telangana
Iron deficiency is the leading cause of anemia in India. In spite of implementation of a National iron supplementation programme of anemia control, the rate of decline in anemia prevalence has not been satisfactory. To address this issue, a National consultation meeting is being organized by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, 23-24th April 2018, AIIMS, New Delhi. The purpose of the background document is to facilitate the deliberations of the above meeting. In this document, we discuss the latest progress in studies of iron metabolism, bioavailability, requirement and RDA for Indians. Hepcidin is a circulating peptide hormone secreted by the liver that plays a central role in coordinating the use and storage of iron with iron acquisition. Therefore, we considered it important to review and include trials on modulation of hepcidin during iron supplementation. Further, we made an attempt to review iron supplementation trials in Indian pregnant women and children to sequentially assess the basis for fixing iron dosage. Finally, we made an attempt to apply theoretical basis of computation of iron dose for the age/gender and physiological group for treatment of anemia due to iron deficiency. In the light of the role of hepcidin in iron nutrition, we consider it important to characterize the contextual determinants and establish the iron dosage. We believe that the systemic regulation may not allow the body to store adequate amounts of iron from oral doses in short duration of 100 days. Based on the biology of iron it appears that iron homeostasis leading to assimilation of storage of iron is a very slow process and may require practice of contextual food synergy systems to improve iron content (fortified foods) and bioavailability (vitamin C rich fruits) throughout life cycle.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2018-04-25 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/812
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 30 No. 1 (Supp) (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/813
2022-06-13T09:32:21Z
IJCH:RA
"180425 2018 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Doses of iron in prevention and treatment of anemia in pregnant women: an ongoing debate
Neogi, Sutapa B.
Indian Institute of Public Health-Delhi, PHFI, Plot no. 47, Sector 44, Institutional Area, Gurgaon -122002
Iron supplementation during pregnancy, both as a preventive and therapeutic measure has been a matter of debate. The guiding principles behind supplementation include availability of adequate iron stores before pregnancy, diet during pregnancy and concomitant infections. No country performs routine screening of iron stores by measuring ferritin and the decision to supplement iron is largely based on haemoglobin (Hb) levels. Evidence suggests that Hb content of the mother’s blood between 95 and 105 g/l in the third trimester correlates with the best clinical outcome. Effectiveness of routine iron supplementation during pregnancy for improving maternal hematological indices exists, but the clinical significance for both pregnant women and infants remains unclear. In the absence of conclusive evidence, several developed nations follow an individual based approach by evaluating the iron stores and then deciding on the course of treatment. On the other hand, in developing countries, where the baseline prevalence of anemia is high, existing data supports routine iron supplementation as a safe strategy to prevent maternal anemia. Controversies exist around the most appropriate dosage and frequency (daily v/s weekly) of iron supplementation for both preventive and therapeutic purposes because increased doses does not necessary yield better haematological and clinical outcomes. On the contrary, excess doses may be associated with more side effects and also may produce oxidative stress, release of free radicals, may interfere with the absorption of divalent cations, may block iron absorption by upregulating hepcidin and may result in hemoconcentration further leading to adverse outcomes. This document gives a snapshot of the existing evidence and provides a case for further deliberations on the most appropriate dosage for iron supplementation during pregnancy giving due weightage to epidemiological, physiological and clinical requirements.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2018-04-25 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/813
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 30 No. 1 (Supp) (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/814
2022-06-13T09:32:27Z
IJCH:RA
"180425 2018 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Suitability of Enteric Coated Iron and Folic Acid Tablets in WIFS Program in India
Kapil, Radhika
Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum, Karnataka
Weekly iron folic acid supplementation (WIFS) programme is being implemented by Government of India for Prevention and control of anaemia amongst Adolescents since 2013. Under this program, enteric coated Iron and Folic Acid (IFA) tablet consisting of 100 mg of elemental iron with 500 mcg of folic acid, is given every week to all adolescent girls. Evidence suggests that there is a low absorption of iron from the enteric coated (EC) IFA tablets. The poor clinical response of EC IFA compared to the conventional sugar coated has also been reported The, present review describes the WIFS programme, cost, composition, evidence on absorption, clinical response on Hb from EC IFA tablets. There is an urgent need to take cognizance of available scientific evidence in to consideration and discontinue the EC tablets from WIFS programme.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2018-04-25 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/814
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 30 No. 1 (Supp) (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/866
2022-06-13T09:54:39Z
IJCH:RA
"180630 2018 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Economics of Smokeless Tobacco (SLT) in India
Monga, Divya
Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh
Prinja, Shankar
Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh
Despite the high prevalence of Smokeless Tobacco (SLT) in India, cost-effective interventions to curb smokeless tobacco use are very low. Taxation is considered as one of the most cost-effective intervention to curb overall tobacco use but taxation on SLT product is very complex and is on ad-valorem basis. Further, Goods and Service Tax has increased the price from 0.8/gram to 1.06/gram, but still the impact of increasing the tax needs to be explored so that harmony between excise revenue generated from these products and decrease in demand of these products can be maintained. Therefore, we carried out a literature review, which involved literature search, data extraction, and synthesis. The evidence suggests that the price elasticity of SLT products has gone closer to the inelastic nature with the passing time suggesting the increasing affordability of these products. The macroeconomic impact of the disease burden resulting from these SLT products is far greater than excise revenue generated by these products. More research is required in this field with updated data. The agricultural aspect of SLT products also need to be explored to determine cost-effective alternative crops for tobacco farming. Also, as the use of SLT is culturally accepted in India, appropriate public awareness program and cost-effective interventions are required to curb SLT use along with increased tax and cessation services.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2018-06-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/866
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 30 No. 2 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/878
2022-06-13T10:06:55Z
IJCH:RA
"180930 2018 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
A roadmap for achieving health equity in India: A proposed framework and assessment of the determinants of health equity
Ota, Rachita
Amity Business School, Sector – 125, Greater Noida Expressway, Uttar Pradesh
Agrawal, Supriti
Amity Business School, Sector – 125, Greater Noida Expressway, Uttar Pradesh
Sarkar, Purnima
Utkal University, Khurda, Odisha
With the upcoming technical interventions in the health sector of India, India has been able to create a great scope for Medical Tourism in the country. People from different nations are coming to India to avail many critical treatments at an affordable price. Even after such great development, Health Equity has always been a great challenge for our country. Through Health Equity, we mean availing the standard health services by the under-privileged, marginalized group of people compared to the privileged segment of the community. The present study will help us to highlight on the prioritization of the allocation of the resources to the most eminent tier of the Health care structure. Also, this study will focus on the effectiveness of this component of the Health care structure of India and how this can help in throwing light on the disparity of the health care services through a proposed model.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2018-09-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/878
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 30 No. 3 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/920
2022-07-12T09:11:43Z
IJCH:RA
"190331 2019 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Factors Influencing Intimate Partner Violence
Prasad, Suji
Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
Periyan, Rangasami
Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
The woman with intimate partner violence is facing more challenges and barriers in domestic circle and it terribly affects the healthy family life. This paper is based on issues and health consequences of family life of women with partner violence. Papers are collected from the online data base like Scopus, Sage, Pub Med, Google scholar, Elsevier and Springer, J-Stor since 2000. Specific search terms were domestic violence, marital partner violence, intimate partner violence, spousal abuse, gender-based violence. The articles were reviewed based on inclusion and exclusion criteria the reviews classified into demographic factors and personal factors and its health consequences. Comparisons in the prior review still the partner violence is prevalent. Recommendations for intervention and suitable techniques should be introduced to eradicate and gain an alert is protecting from all violence’s
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2019-03-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/920
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 31 No. 1 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/930
2022-06-13T10:06:52Z
IJCH:RA
"180930 2018 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Effectiveness of Non-invasive Interventions in Managing Cardiovascular Disease Using Specific Biological Markers
Bansal, Dheeraj
Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand
Chuchulo, Anastasya
MD student, Saba University School of Medicine, Gardner, MA, USA
Background: Lifestyle interventions consisting of diet, exercise, psychosocial support and stress management are a clinically effective alternative to the management of cardiovascular diseases that can be feasibly measured and monitored during treatment using various biological markers. Methodology: A thorough Pubmed search was conducted looking for the results of articles that treated cardiovascular disease patients of both sexes and all ages with lifestyle modification in which the effectiveness of lifestyle modification was measured by various biomarkers. Results: The final review was conducted on 11 journal articles that were found examining exercise, diet, psychosocial support and stress management in cardiovascular disease patients and showing a positive benefit of such an intervention and the effects on biomarkers as an alternative to traditional pharmacological treatment. The affected biomarkers found were percent diameter coronary artery stenosis, blood pressure, cholesterol, body weight and fat, heart rate, HbA1c, exercise capacity, C reactive protein, triglycerides and BMI. Conclusion: Lifestyle modification consisting of exercise, low fat, high complex carbohydrate diet, psychosocial support and stress management is clinically efficacious in the treatment of cardiovascular disease as seen by the various changes in biological measures.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2018-09-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/930
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 30 No. 3 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/942
2022-06-13T10:13:49Z
IJCH:RA
"181231 2018 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
India steps ahead to curb anemia: Anemia Mukt Bharat
Bhatia, Vikas
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar
Sahoo, Durgesh Prasad
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar
Parida, Swayam Pragyan
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar
Anemia is a major public health problem in India affecting over half of population in almost all age groups. It has devastating effect on human health and affects the socio-economic development. Government has devised several programs like National Nutritional Anemia Control Program (NNACP), Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation (WIFS), National Iron Plus Initiative (NIPI) etc to combat anemia. The facts remain that in spite of all the programs, no marked improvement has been noticed in the magnitude of anemia. A holistic approach is required with special emphasis on community awareness about consequences of anaemia and benefits of Iron Folic Acid (IFA) supplementation, uninterrupted supply availability of Iron folic Acid tablets and syrups, hard to reach areas and monitoring and review system to find out adequacy in terms of participation and frequency of meetings and problem-solving in NIPI
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2018-12-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/942
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 30 No. 4 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/1109
2022-07-12T05:55:00Z
IJCH:RA
"190630 2019 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Mental Health problem and Sustainable Development in India: An Overview
Ahmed, Aijaz
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh
Mental health is an emerging problem in the world, particularly in the developing countries like India, which is a big challenge for the sustainable human development. Health is a vital requirement for sustainable human development, and there can be no health without mental health. The role of mental health is very important in accomplishing social inclusion and equity. It also plays a vital role in acquiring universal health coverage, access to justice and human rights, and sustainable economic development. The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines health is not only the absence of disease but it implicates the physical, social, spiritual and mental health (Park, 2015:12-13). Since primordial eras, India, has emphasised on the health of its citizens and has underlined the need for a physically and mentally healthy society. In the new SDGs, the UN has lastly demarcated that mental health is one of the most universal development precedence, and set the scene for an ambitious plan to tackle the world’s challenges in the coming 15 years. WHO has also projected two indicators to strengthen mental health in the SDGs, which are fully aligned with the WHO Global Mental Health Action plan, both within the health goal: (1) suicide rate; and (2) service coverage (proportion treated) of persons with severe mental illness (World Health Organization, 2015). This paper is based on secondary data. The main thrust of this paper was to explore the frequency and pattern of mental disorder and its impact on families or household. This paper also analysed the mental morbidity rate and its cause in India. The findings demonstrated that 13.7 per cent of India’s general population has various mental disorders; 10.6 per cent of them need instant mediations. Whereas, almost 10 per cent of the population has common mental disorders, 1.9 per cent of the masses suffer from severe mental disorders. The result shows that the frequency of schizophrenia is more in urban metros then rural counterparts. The occurrence of mental illness is found to be very high in urban centres, where there is a higher prevalence of schizophrenia, mood disorders and neurotic or stress-related disorders.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2019-06-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/1109
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 31 No. 2 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/1111
2022-07-12T05:51:08Z
IJCH:RA
"190630 2019 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Impact of vitamin D deficiency on cancer incidence and mortality among the elderly population: A systematic review
Parameshwari, S
Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract Vitamin D plays a vital role in calcium and phosphate balance and bone structure. In recent times vitamin D deficiency has become a well-known epidemic. The current study shows vitamin D deficiency causes various types of cancer along with heart disease. The current diet has removed most of the best sources of vitamin D. Healthy bones and teeth need vitamin D. Most of the low fat diets have removed vitamin D from the diet. Vitamin D has to be consumed with fatty meal. Food items such as dairy products are hardly fortified with vitamin D in India. Subclinical vitamin D deficiency is extremely prevalent in both urban and rural settings. In USA and Canada, in spite of having food fortification techniques still vitamin D deficiency prevails. In this paper various case studies related to vitamin D deficiency in relation to cancer have been reviewed. A proper diet to overcome this problem have been suggested along with some preventive measures
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2019-06-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/1111
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 31 No. 2 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/1133
2022-07-09T05:34:43Z
IJCH:RA
"190930 2019 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Atmospheric Variability and Prevalence of Common Psychiatric Disorders in South Asia: A Meta-regressive Analysis
Ranjan, Jay Kumar
Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi
Chaudhary, Amrita
Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi
Asthana, Hari Shanker
Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3159-1136
Background: The review of literature suggests that there is a dearth of meta-analytical study that examines the role of Atmospheric Variability on the prevalence of mental disorders in South Asia. Aims &Objectives: Therefore, the present study explores the moderating role of variability in temperature, air pressure, humidity, and rainfall on the prevalence of Common Psychiatric Disorders in South Asia. Material & Methods: Databases of several web sources, namely, EBSCOhost, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar were explored for the studies that had previously observed the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in South Asian countries. Further, articles were also examined manually. Initially, geographical locations (i.e. latitude, longitude, and altitude) of surveyed places were determined. Based on these locations, historical atmospheric data were retrieved. Meta-regression analysis was computed using R –software with ‘metafor’ package. Results: The present Meta-analysis included 32 epidemiological studies consisting of 110402 persons reported a total morbidity in 7935 persons across seven countries of South Asia. Yearly rainfall (z=2.8260, p<0.01), yearly variability in temperature (z=3.7160, p<0.001), yearly variability in humidity (z= -2.4031, p<0.05) appear to have a significant influence on the prevailing patterns of common psychiatric disorders. However, yearly variability in atmospheric pressure did not have a significant influence on the prevalence of mental disorders (z= 1.0364, p>0.300). Conclusion: Discomfort weather conditions such as yearly temperature variability, excessive rainfall, and yearly variability in humidity have a significant role in the occurrence and maintenance of different psychiatric disorders in South Asia.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2019-09-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/1133
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 31 No. 3 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/1175
2022-07-09T04:46:05Z
IJCH:RA
"191231 2019 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Telemedicine: new technology, new promises?
Devanbu, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan
Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research & Education, Kelambakkam, Chennai
A Y, Nirupama
Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research & Education, Kelambakkam, Chennai https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0548-3078 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0548-3078
Taneja, Neha
AMITY School of Public Health, AMITY University, Uttar Pradesh India
Telemedicine has emerged to be key player in healthcare delivery in underserved areas. Successful telemedicine projects in India like the Aravind tele-ophthalmology network, the Kerala Onconet project and the Amrita mobile telemedicine unit are an inspiration for future endeavors. While improved access to healthcare, decreased healthcare costs and time saving were lauded as the strengths of telemedicine, the fact that very few reliable literature and statistics is available for the cost-effectiveness of telemedicine and the need for specialized equipment and training are weakening the potential telemedicine boom. As reluctance for acceptance by the public, lack of medicolegal protocols and an authoritative regulatory body are threatening the future of telemedicine, we hope that the establishment of virtual medical centers and international collaboration in the field of telemedicine and its inclusion in government programmes like PMJAY- Ayushman Bharath will prove to be a step towards a brighter future for telemedicine in India.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2019-12-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/1175
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 31 No. 4 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/1320
2022-07-09T07:26:14Z
IJCH:RA
"200630 2020 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Making Trans-Gender Healthcare a Priority in India- Journey towards Social Inclusion
Bansal, Govind K
School of Management and Business Studies, Jamia Hamdard, Delhi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4847-0998
John, Shibu
School of Management and Business Studies, Jamia Hamdard, Delhi.
Introduction: Transgender includes trans-men and trans-women, persons with intersex variations, gender-queers, and persons with socio-cultural identities. Any normal parent expects a binary outcome out of the nine months long pregnancy, however, for some, life changes when the expected outcome is different. Objective: The article tends to understand the life of transgender/Hijra in India with respect to specific healthcare needs along with constitutional mechanism to extend them their legal rights. Method: The researcher reviewed available literature to analyse the issues and challenges in accessing healthcare services by the transgender community. Grey literature and qualitative methods like consultation/ interviews with communities and subject experts were also done to supplement the study outcomes. Results: The study shows that after a long movement, transgender were formally given recognition in 21st century in India. Currently, we have a number to begin with. WHO’s ICD-11 included “gender identity disorders” as “gender incongruence” in its new chapter on sexual health. Interactions with key experts and community reveals different specific needs of transgender population. Conclusion: Five points as way forward to improve health care accessibility of transgender in India: Creating an enabling environment before the next Census in India; addressing stigma and other issues that make transgender people vulnerable to health risks; extending equal human and legal rights to transgender; revising the medical curriculum so as to include a chapter on transgender health; and No Me Without Me.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2020-06-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/1320
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 32 No. 2 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/1356
2022-07-11T06:59:11Z
IJCH:RA
"200331 2020 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Coronavirus: A threat to Global Public Health
Singh, Soni
Government of Uttar Pradesh https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2223-3713
Singh, Anil Kumar
Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3667-9644
Jain, Pankaj Kumar
Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh
Singh, Naresh Pal
Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4307-9196
Kumar Bajpai, Prasant
Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3227-5685
Kharya, Pradip
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1902-5817
Previously considered of meagre significance to the human race, coronaviruses have effectively evolved to jump the species barrier and cause widespread contagion in mankind. The SARS pandemic, the MERS situation in the middle-east and the ongoing COVID 2019 epidemic are all attributed to this evolving virus. COVID 2019 is the seventh coronavirus isolated successfully and the third beta-coronavirus that causes a fatal illness in humans; the other two beta-coronaviruses being severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) CoV and middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS) CoV. Having a natural reservoir in bats these viruses infect humans through an intermediate host and then rapidly adapt and mutate for human to human transmissions. Four other known alpha coronaviruses cause only common cold in humans. Although mortality rate of COVID 2019 epidemic is lower at 2.5% than the previous two CoV outbreaks, that is, 9.6% in SARS and 34.4% in MERS, but rapid transmissibility points towards a sustained epidemic of epic proportions. In the absence of any specific treatment protocols and experimental vaccines still under research, management largely depends upon symptomatic therapy, strict infection control and quarantine measures. Restriction of human interactions with known animal sources of the virus as a measure of prevention is essentially required. Owing to huge genetic diversity and frequent genomic recombination, novel coronaviruses might emerge periodically, warranting the need for extensive research and development of effective treatments and vaccines.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2020-03-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/1356
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 32 No. 1 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/1402
2022-07-11T04:48:36Z
IJCH:RA
"200630 2020 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Expression and interpretation of relative risk and odds ratio in biomedical research studies
Sharma, Suresh Kumar
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand 249203 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1214-8865 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1214-8865
Mudgal, Shiv Kumar
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand 249203 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8062-0589 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8062-0589
Chaturvedi, Jitender
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand 249203 http://orchid.org/.0000-0002-8576-9470 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8576-9470
Relative risk and odds ratio are commonly used in the biomedical research studies; however, expression and interpretation must be done very carefully. A risk ratio and an odds ratio are used in cohort studies but only odds ratio is used in case control studies. However, relative risk or risk ratio is found to be frequently used in the interventional biomedical research studies. The relative risk and odds ratio provide important information regarding the effect of a risk factor on the outcome of interest. The relative risk and odds ratio of 1 suggests that there is no difference between two groups. A value >1 suggests increase risk, while a value <1 suggest reduction of risk. If the confidence interval meets or includes value 1.00 (line of no difference) indicates there is no difference between the groups.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2020-06-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/1402
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 32 No. 2 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/1405
2022-07-11T06:57:14Z
IJCH:RA
"200331 2020 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Antenatal care, care at birth, and breastfeeding during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic
Ranganathan, Ranjitha
University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi
Maroof Khan, Amir
University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi
Chhabra, Pragti
University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi
Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has been declared by the World Health Organization after it has gripped many countries of the world. The exponential increase in the number of cases has resulted in panic and confusion among healthcare workers and the vulnerable population. Pregnant and lactating mothers are a vulnerable group and need evidence-based advice to protect the health of the mother and the child. Healthcare workers can play an important role in dispelling the myths and misconceptions among pregnant and lactating mothers regarding COVID-19, if they are equipped with scientific information on antenatal care, care at birth, and breastfeeding. This review attempts to summarize the published evidence related to antenatal care, care at birth and breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2020-03-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/1405
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 32 No. 1 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/1412
2022-07-11T04:45:21Z
IJCH:RA
"200630 2020 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana – Ayushman Bharat
Devanbu, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan
Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research & Education, Kelambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
Ravi , Hanitha
Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research & Education, Kelambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
Taneja, Neha
Amity Institute of Public Health, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh
Introduction: “Ayushman Bharat Initiative” also known as Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY) was launched in 2018, by Government of India. The core principle of Ayushman Bharat - National health protection mission is co-operative federalism and flexibility to states. PMJAY encapsulates a progression towards promotive, preventive, palliative and rehabilitative aspects of Universal Health coverage through access of Health and Wellness Centre (HWCs) at the primary level and provisioning of financial protection for accessing curative care at the secondary and tertiary levels through engagement with both public and private sector. PMJAY covers 1350 medical packages including surgery and day care treatments, cost of medicines and diagnostics. It involved participation of centre and states, use of technology for administration of the scheme and involved participation of private sector hospitals and insurers to provide accessible and affordable healthcare by a large section of society. Aims and objectives: The objective of this review is to explore the PMJAY program and to assess how far it could achieve the goal of universal health coverage. Conclusion: It is a major step by Government of India to fulfil the goal of universal health coverage hence if implemented properly it could be a game changer.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2020-06-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/1412
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 32 No. 2 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/1423
2022-07-11T04:46:38Z
IJCH:RA
"200630 2020 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
mHealth In Comprehensive Geriatric Service- The Way Forward
Anbazhagan, Suguna
Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Shri Balaji Vidyapeeth University, Pillaiyarkuppam, Pondicherry-607402
Anbazhagan, surekha
Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Shri Balaji Vidyapeeth University, Kancheepuram District, Chennai-603108
Jaysingh, Saahithya
Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Shri Balaji Vidyapeeth University, Pillaiyarkuppam, Pondicherry-607402
The projected increase in the number of disabled older persons poses a challenge for health care and social services. (1) Multiple health problems of such people will require an integrated approach.(2) While the elderly have unique assessment needs, these are often not addressed adequately. Usually only the presenting illness of the elderly are adequately addressed and the ‘Non-medical’ & ‘Non-presented’ issues are not looked into. Many of these issues are not presented to the treating physician as patients & families presume that these are part of normal aging. The importance of comprehensive geriatric assessment is that, it permits a systematic evaluation & documentation of all the issues that concern this population and identification of problems could lead to implementation of corrective and or preventive measures. There is evidence to suggest that a variety of M health techniques can be applied effectively and safely in geriatric medicine in providing comprehensive geriatric service across a variety of clinical settings.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2020-06-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/1423
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 32 No. 2 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/1443
2022-07-11T05:35:56Z
IJCH:RA
"200420 2020 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Personal Protective Equipments (PPE) – Prerequisites, Rationale and Challenges during COVID 19 Pandemic
Deepthi, Ramamurthy
ESIC-MC & PGIMSR, Bangalore, Karnataka
Masthi, Nugehally Raju Ramesh
Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9823-6393
Nirmala, Cheeranahalli Javaraiah
Department of Community Medicine, BGS Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka
Manjula, Rangappa
S Nijalingappa Medical College, Bagalkot, Karnataka
Vinothkumar, Sivakumar
Health Office, DPH and PM, Tamilnadu
Personal protective equipment (PPE) usage is pivotal in prevention of COVID19. Access to PPE for health workers has become a key concern. Electronic databases were searched for studies, guidelines, reports and policies on PPE, COVID19 and respiratory infections. In total 20 research articles were included, 10 guidelines and 06 reports from various health organization and National governments were included. There are different types of masks available, it is essential to understand the role of each kind of mask in preventing the spread. Minimizing the need for PPE in health care settings, ensuring rational and appropriate use of PPE and Coordinating PPE supply chain management mechanisms are key strategies in addressing global PPE shortage. Ensuring consistent PPE standards and guidance on quality control of the PPE will help in better infection control. We need to apply a risk-based approach based on purpose of use, risk of exposure, vulnerability, setting, feasibility and type of PPE. Government of India is taking several steps and have deliberated on the adequacy and quality of PPEs. Prevention and mitigation measures are the key for prevention of transmission in the Community which include Hand hygiene, Respiratory hygiene, maintaining social distance of two metre and wearing an appropriate PPE. Adequate provision of good quality PPE is just the first step in promoting the safety of health care workers and containing the spread of COVID 19.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2020-04-20 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/1443
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 32 No. 2 (Supp) (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/1449
2022-07-11T05:39:05Z
IJCH:RA
"200420 2020 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Concise Information for the Frontline Health care workers in the era of COVID-19
Gupta, Pratima
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2971-5355
Mohanty, Aroop
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5634-5014
Narula, Himanshu
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Uttarakhand
Singh, Vanya
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Uttarakhand https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5537-2499
Kalita , Deepjyoti
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand
Varshney, Saurabh
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand
Kabi, Ankita
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand
Aggarwal, Pradeep
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Uttarakhand https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-0483
Background: COVID-19, a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 has become a public health emergency of worldwide concern. Originated in Wuhan District of China, it has spread globally at a very rapid rate causing millions of deaths worldwide. Aims and Objectives: To summarize findings from all the current literature available from different databases regarding the epidemiological, clinical characteristics, laboratory diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of the SARS-CoV-2. This will help out the reader to have a fine gist of all the data available on SARS-CoV-2 in an effective manner. Methods: All the research literature from Jan-March 2020 and available on the following online databases: bio-Rxiv, PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase as well as CNKI and Wang Fang data were included in the review. The keywords used for data search were “coronavirus,” “nCoV,” “2019-nCoV,” and “COVID-19.” Conclusion: After undergoing extensive literature search, it can be concluded that it mainly effects elderly male population. Mode of transmission is droplet transmission and human to human transmission is present. The main diagnostic modality remains molecular assays though several rapid testing methods are on the way. Due to lack of specific treatment guidelines, Infection control and supportive treatment remain the mainstay. Plethora of experiments are under trails for development of effective vaccine which can be a ray of hope in future.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2020-04-20 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/1449
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 32 No. 2 (Supp) (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/1460
2022-07-11T05:37:41Z
IJCH:RA
"200420 2020 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Unfolding trends of COVID-19 transmission in India: Critical review of available Mathematical models
Shah, Komal
Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar
Awasthi, Ashish
Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9308-9782
Modi, Bhavesh
GMERS Medical College, Gandhinagar, Gujarat
Kundapur, Rashmi
K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte University, Mangalore
Saxena, Deepak
Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0563-4259
Background: There is a surge in epidemiological modeling research due to sudden onset of COVID-19 pandemic across the globe. In the absence of any pharmaceutical interventions to control the epidemic, nonpharmaceutical interventions like containment, mitigation and suppression are tried and tested partners in epidemiological theories. But policy and planning needs estimates of disease burden in various scenarios in absence of real data and epidemiological models helps to fill this gap. Aims and Objectives: To review the models of COVID-19 prediction in Indian scenario, critically evaluate the range, concepts, strength and limitations of these prediction models and its potential policy implications. Results: Though we conducted data search for last three months, it was found that the predictive models reporting from Indian context have started publishing very recently. Majority of the Indian models predicted COVID-19 spread, projected best-, worst case scenario and forecasted effect of various preventive measurements such as lockdown and social distancing. Though the models provided some of the critical information regarding spread of the disease and fatality rate associated with COVID-19, it should be used with caution due to severe data gaps, distinct socio-demographic profiling of the population and diverse statistics of co-morbid condition. Conclusion: Although the models were designed to predict COVID spread, and claimed to be accurate, significant data gaps and need for adjust confounding variables such as effect of lockdown, risk factors and adherence to social distancing should be considered before generalizing the findings. Results of epidemiological models should be considered as guiding beacon instead of final destination.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2020-04-20 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/1460
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 32 No. 2 (Supp) (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/1538
2022-07-09T07:30:17Z
IJCH:RA
"200630 2020 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children: An emerging Public health problem in India
Rastogi, Aayushi
Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6823-1874
Kapil, Umesh
Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9251-3476
NAFLD was earlier believed to be the disease of adults only however in 1983, the existence of this disease was seen in paediatric population. Nearly four decades have passed since the first description of the Paediatric NAFLD (P-NAFLD), yet it is one of the areas which is given least priority in the country. The P-NAFLD is reversible and can be prevented by lifestyle and behaviour modification and hence there is a need to this review highlights the importance of P-NAFLD in the country and need for formulating strategies for prevention and control of P-NAFLD in the country. All published articles in the MEDLINE database on P-NAFLD in India were included. The important findings were summarized and critically analysed. The existing review suggests, the prevalence of P-NAFLD is uncertain in the country. NAFLD is a phenotypic product of complex interaction of heredity (nature) and environment (nurture). This review summarizes the importance of P-NAFLD in India and discusses the predisposition of these risk factors in Indian children. Further population-based studies on prevalence and incidence are required on general paediatric population to quantify the magnitude of the disease in India for better management of the condition.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2020-06-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/1538
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 32 No. 2 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/1624
2022-07-09T05:57:52Z
IJCH:RA
"200930 2020 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
The ‘One Health’ Approach to an Epidemic Response
Cherian, Vinu
Sree Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Ernakulam, Kerala https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0369-4290
Philip, Joel
Peejays @ Neurocenter Kochi, Kerala https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5750-6836
The concept of ‘one health’ recognizes that there is an inextricable link between the health of people, animals, and the shared environment. With the rapid growth in population and the destruction of natural habitats, humans are coming into closer contact with wild and domesticated animals. This, in turn, creates ripe conditions for the movement of viruses and diseases between animals and people. The world is seeing frequent occurrences of epidemics caused by new pathogens, to which humans have little immunity, owing to this phenomenon. ‘One Health’ assumes global significance today when the world is in the grip of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The response of the state of Kerala to the COVID-19 crisis is guided by its prior experience with curbing the Nipah virus epidemic in 2018. The same core philosophy of ‘one health’ that was at the heart of the campaign to rein in the Nipah outbreak has spearheaded the state response to the COVID-19 pandemic. A review of available literature in Pubmed/Medline & Google scholar databases was carried out to study the impact of ‘one health’ on the epidemic response of Kerala state to the Nipah virus, and how it has been extrapolated in managing the current COVID-19 pandemic. The articles obtained were screened by title, abstract and full text to obtain the most relevant papers. Recommendations have also been proposed regarding the incorporation of ‘one health’ in public health strategy.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2020-09-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/1624
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 32 No. 3 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/1628
2022-07-09T07:16:15Z
IJCH:RA
"200630 2020 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Traditions & Customs of Ancient Indian Culture and Their Role in COVID 19 Pandemic Prevention and Control
Tiwari, Abhishek
King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0030-6152
Manar, Manish Kumar
King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
Singh, Shivendra Kumar
King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
Mohan, Udit
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Health Systems Program, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1954-9178
Panday, Kanchan
Motilal Nehru Medical College, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh
Mohan, Uday
Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
The truth of COVID 19 Pandemic is that it has already changed the demography of many countries, still changing the Climate & Environment and will continue to change the Global Economy for quite some time. The simple good personal hygiene and physical distancing measures were identified as one of the most effective protections against COVID 19. The Indian way of living has many scientific principles inherited in it to combat infectious diseases. We follow the Sanatan Sanskriti concepts traditionally, sometimes not even realizing the rationale behind it. This article tries to explore the correlation between the preventive measures and our traditional Sanatan practices. The pandemic has shaken the globe and time has come to rethink and move back to basics of our ancient traditions for a sustainable future. There is a need to promote our cultural practices and avoid running behind the ultra-modern ways of living so that the world learns to combat and live with the COVID 19.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2020-06-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/1628
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 32 No. 2 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/1961
2021-05-14T11:40:40Z
IJCH:RA
"210331 2021 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
History and Spread of Viruses (COVID-19) and Associated Demographic and Clinical Parameters – A systematic review and meta-analysis
Awasthi, Swambhavi
Independent Research Scholar, Sector-16, Indira Nagar, Lucknow https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7039-9833
Sharma, Sunil
Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, New Delhi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3386-5591
Attri, Saurav
Civil Hospital, Gurgaon
Attri, Sakshi Malik
Civil Hospital, Gurgaon
Sharawat, Rajesh
Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, New Delhi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8184-3234
Vishwakarma, Gayatri
Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, New Delhi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4312-7058
COVID-19 made a huge impact on the world due to its rapid transmission and no treatments being available for it. The virus affected more people and spread to various countries than what was predicted when COVID-19 initially began spreading. There have been numerous pandemics and epidemics in the 21st century yet COVID-19 has affected more people and spread widely. The primary objective of the study was to explore history, spread and associated parameters of existing viruses especially COVID-19. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed for a systematic search to identify eligible published articles. Clinical data, regarding COVID-19 patients, was obtained from previously published articles. The main cause of COVID-19 spreading rapidly was noted to be due to a high percentage of asymptomatic patients, transmission being air-borne, and the lack of knowledge and preventative measures being implemented when the virus began spreading. The common co-morbidity that found in patients was Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, and Coronary Heart Disease. The common symptoms, found through the Meta-analysis, that the patients faced included cough (55.4%), fever (68.4%), fatigue (20.3%), and shortness of breath (18.1%). The proportion of asymptotic positive cases was measured 58.3% (95%CI: 24.7% – 87.9%) while mortality proportion was found to be 6.7% (fixed-effect model) and 13.4% (random-effect model). The Meta-analysis indicated that a higher percentage of males were affected by COVID-19 than females and more patients are found to be asymptomatic. Moreover, the mortality rate of patients that have had COVID-19 was found to be low.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2021-03-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/1961
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 33 No. 1 (2021)
eng
Copyright (c) 2021 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/1995
2021-05-14T11:40:29Z
IJCH:RA
"210331 2021 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
COVID-19 Sample Collection Kiosk in AIIMS Rishikesh: A safe and efficient model
Job, Sheen
All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Rishikesh, Uttarakhand -249203 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0445-2736
Bahurupi, Yogesh
All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Rishikesh, Uttarakhand -249203
Kumar Gupta, Puneet
All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4336-7737
Singh, Mahendra
All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Rishikesh, Uttarakhand -249203 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5249-360X
Kumar Panda, Prasan
All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Rishikesh, Uttarakhand -249203 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3008-7245
Aggarwal, Pradeep
All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Rishikesh, Uttarakhand -249203 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-0483
Mishra, Udai Bhasker
All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Rishikesh, Uttarakhand -249203
Introduction: Following the pandemic, screening suspected individuals on a large scale is imperative to curtail the disease's spread to enormous proportions. The walk-in kiosk is an ideal example of an innovation that is time and labour efficient and safe to use. Methodology and review of literature: Embase, Google Scholar, and Pubmed were used to extract scholarly articles about the subject published worldwide. The Walk-in kiosk concept was an idea taken from the biosafety chamber used in the advanced microbiology laboratories. Results: This ergonomic design enables the HCW to perform better without bending forwards or reaching out for the oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal swab. It avoids a great deal of inconvenience for both the HCW and the patient.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2021-03-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/1995
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 33 No. 1 (2021)
eng
Copyright (c) 2021 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/2064
2022-07-09T04:57:13Z
IJCH:RA
"210630 2021 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Role of Community Medicine during COVID-19 Pandemic
Rao, Epari Venkata
Institute of Medical Sciences & SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1841-352X https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1841-352X
Panda, Prem Sagar
Institute of Medical Sciences & SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2720-7688
Pandemics have significantly affected economy of each country. Health & political system have been also drastically affected in each part of the country. To fight against pandemic, it demands multidimensional approaches comprising of various measures like surveillance, containment, isolation & quarantine, border restriction as well as various socio-political and community measures. Though the entire health workforce is involved at multiple levels, the role of a community medicine/public health expert is maximum in controlling the spread in the community and managing the situation. The community medicine specialists can contribute to the public health as well as health-care services in combating the pandemic.
This review has been done for giving an insight of proper utilisation of public health services and existing manpower of community medicine. Also this will channelize our health system and give a direction for combating future public health crisis. So Government should utilise the experiences and expertise to manage the pandemic very well.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2021-06-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/2064
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 33 No. 2 (2021)
eng
Copyright (c) 2021 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/2125
2022-07-09T05:00:18Z
IJCH:RA
"210630 2021 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Tackling the silent epidemic of Type-I Diabetes Mellitus (Type-1 DM) through National Health Programmes- A narrative review of available evidence
Bera, Om Prakash
Principal Consultant (Implementation), Global Health Advocacy Incubator, India https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0513-7658
Shah, Vandana
Regional Director (Southeast Asia), Global Health Advocacy Incubator
Bhattacharya, Sudip
Independent Global Public Health Researcher, Dehradun, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7935-9013
Saleem, Sheikh Mohd
Independent Global Public Health Researcher, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8575-0713
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune ?-cell destruction, usually leading to absolute insulin deficiency, insulin resistance, or by a combination of both. Both the incidence and prevalence of diabetes T1DM is suspected to be high in India, but in the absence of nation-wide registry, the possibility of exact numbers is unsure. Till date, studies done among the population have seen prevalence more than the incidence of the disease, which has led to late screening and diagnosis of the disease within the community settings. India is already suffering from the burden of type 2 DM, in the process of screening those, patients with T1DM are somewhat getting ignored. Furthermore, cost associated with the treatment expenditure and social status of the people suffering from the disease too have a role to consider which has been totally side-lined in national programmes like National Program for Control of Diabetes, Cardiovascular disease, and Stroke (NPCDCS). There is also scarcity of data on the incidence of T1DM which could aid in formulating better policy avenues for the patients suffering from the disease. Reports on trends in T1DM are more commonly available from countries with better established public health surveillance systems and diabetes research infrastructure. From India, due to scarcity of data on T1DM, we had to rely on published literature of some major centers across the country. Results from the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) first phase, till July 2011 which included 5546 patients found T1DM among 63.9% cases and predominately among children; at registration 11.1% had already developed chronic complication of T1DM. As India is already suffering from the burden of type 2 DM, during current management and treatment, the problem lies at various levels which needs to be addressed. We propose a setting based, life course approach for T1DM where every age group will have access to the health care system either directly or indirectly from intra-natal life till elderly age group through health approach based on scientific methods delivered through health system. In this regard a central registry having enumeration and provisioning of mandatory Insulin to all through a national policy being implemented by NPCDCS is what policy makers must take up at urgent bases if we want to bend the curve of rising T1DM and prevalence of overall diabetes in India.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2021-06-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/2125
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 33 No. 2 (2021)
eng
Copyright (c) 2021 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/2134
2022-07-08T05:26:43Z
IJCH:RA
"211231 2021 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
A Scoping review of challenges, scope and assessment approaches of teledentistry: an Indian perspective
Joshi, Vibha
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9697-6830
Bhardwaj, Pankaj
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9960-3060
Joshi, Nitin Kumar
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5106-0455
Singh, Kuldeep
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9375-3233
Bajaj, Komal
Sainath Hospital and Research Centre https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0714-2066
Suthar, Praveen
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4960-6965
Context: In India, COVID-19 pandemic has limited the utilization and access to dental services owing to the risk of infections transmission. In this context, tele-dentistry could be useful but there is paucity of literature which provides guidance on the scope and challenges for using tele-dentistry in India. Aims: To identify challenges, scope and assessment approaches of tele-dentistry from an Indian perspective. Settings and Design: Scoping Review. Methods and Material: Scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O’Malley framework. Databases were searched in July from April to August 2020. Studies concerning challenges and scope of tele-dentistry in India were included. Additionally, literature about assessment approaches used for tele-dentistry programs were also reviewed Results: A total of 64 studies were reviewed, out of which 26 articles were included in the final review. Scoping review reveled that tele-dentistry can act as a seamless tool for diagnosing, training and screening. Few studies suggested the relevance of smartphone technology for specialist consultations and proper diagnosis. Majority of studies revealed shortage of basic infrastructure as a major challenge for tele-dentistry in India. Assessment studies were mainly focused on economic perspective and cost-effectiveness of the programs. Conclusions: This review provide guidance for using tele-dentistry in India. It is also reflected that there is a need for further research about the assessment of tele-dentistry in terms of safety, clinical outcomes, and patient perception.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2021-12-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/2134
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 33 No. 4 (2021)
eng
Copyright (c) 2021 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/2167
2022-07-08T07:12:26Z
IJCH:RA
"210930 2021 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Developing Nations: Emerging Mental Health Challenges and Interventions
Noronha, Flavia
Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9997-5921
Pant, Sanju
Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0649-3339
Yesodharan, Renjulal
Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7207-1129 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7207-1129
Nayak, Asha
Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka
Dsa, Rochelle
Carleton Clinic, Carlisle, United Kingdom https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3786-7436 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3786-7436
The world is facing an unprecedented challenge of the 21st century in the form of COVID-19 outbreak. People across the culture, race, ethnicity, socio-economic background are being affected by the rippling effects of this pandemic. The aim of this narrative review is to briefly describe the impact of the pandemic on mental health, the vicious cycle of social issues and psychological health caused and aggravated by the Covid-19 pandemic. We also aim to highlight certain interventions to overcome the mental health challenges posed by the pandemic. For this purpose, a thorough search of all databases was done to gather articles relevant to the objective of this narrative review. Keywords were used in combination and separately to identify the articles on the various psychosocial issues caused by the pandemic. Published articles in various databases like Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed etc., related to psychosocial effects due to COVID-19 were searched and summarized to justify and support the objective of this paper. The coming months will reveal the extent of damage this pandemic has caused to the socio-economic and health sectors across the globe. It is crucial to recognize the psychosocial impact of this pandemic and necessitate the measures to overcome them by mobilizing the resources we have at hand.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2021-09-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/2167
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 33 No. 3 (2021)
eng
Copyright (c) 2021 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/2230
2022-10-08T05:53:23Z
IJCH:RA
"220331 2022 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and other Non-Communicable Diseases: Time for an Integrated Approach
Rastogi, Aayushi
Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6823-1874
Prasad, Manya
Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1239-0013
Ramalingam, Archana
Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi
Kapil, Umesh
Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi
Non-Alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a broad term covering a spectrum of conditions ranging from hepatic steatosis, steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. NAFLD is highly prevalent across all regions of the world with its global prevalence of 25.2%(95%CI:22.1-28.7). It is commonly referred as the ‘hepatic manifestation’ of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Moreover, it is strongly associated with the individual components as well as MetS as a whole. NAFLD has been independently associated with other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like chronic kidney disease (CKD), Polycystic ovary Syndrome (PCOS), Stroke and Cancers. This strong association of NCDs with NAFLD not only affects the prevalence but also the progression and management of the disease. Thus, this review aims at highlighting the association of NAFLD with other NCDs. A literature search was undertaken in the MEDLINE database using the necessary MeSH terms. The review concludes NAFLD is a systemic disease, not just confined to liver-specific morbidity and mortality, but also associated with numerous extra-hepatic manifestations, such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, chronic renal diseases, and malignancy. With co-existence of NAFLD with various NCDs it is expected to become the most overwhelming liver disease in the world in coming years. Hence, to reduce medical and economic impact associated with these comorbidities, it is recommended that all countries should estimate and predict the burden on comorbidities associated with NAFLD and galvanize its health resources in providing integrated therapeutic approaches for management of NAFLD and related comorbidities at an early stage.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2022-03-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/2230
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 34 No. 1 (2022)
eng
Copyright (c) 2022 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/2239
2022-07-08T05:18:01Z
IJCH:RA
"211028 2021 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Molecular markers of Chloroquine resistance in India and Southeast Asia: A narrative review
Maskeri, Rakshita
Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
Jain, Animesh
Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0250-3608
Ullal, Sheetal D
Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-8846
Malaria is a major global public health problem mainly in the tropics and subtropics. Malaria control and elimination strategies mainly rely on efficacious antimalarial drugs. At present the major hurdle faced by malaria control programs is the drug resistance to antimalarials. Molecular surveillance using genetic markers associated with resistance provides a valuable tool for detecting and tracking resistance as well as providing an in-depth understanding of the development and spread of resistance. Despite numerous published literatures there are limited review articles on molecular markers of drug resistance. Hence a review was planned. An exhaustive literature search was performed on PUBMED using “malaria”, “resistance”, “molecular”, “antimalarial”, “Chloroquine”, “Pfcrt”, “Pfmdr”, “Pvcrt”, “Pvmdr”as key words. Data pertaining to India and Southeast Asia were included. This review showed the widespread presence of molecular markers of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum and development of resistance in Plasmodium vivax over the years in Southeast Asia and India. This can have implications on malaria elimination and treatment guidelines in this region.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2021-12-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/2239
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 33 No. 4 (2021)
eng
Copyright (c) 2021 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/2264
2022-10-08T05:53:27Z
IJCH:RA
"220331 2022 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Inventory control: Its principles and application
Singh, Ankita
Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5441-0978
Rasania , Sanjeev Kumar
Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi
Barua, Kabita
Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi
Availability of good quality stock, in right quantity, at right place and time and at right cost is the essence of inventory control, which in turn is mandatory for smooth functioning and service delivery of any health care facility. Various techniques are available for inventory control, based on cost, criticality and other factors for e.g., ABC analysis, VED analysis, ABC-VED matrix, FSN analysis, SDE analysis etc. Each technique has its own strength and weakness in its applicability. Economic considerations are also imperative for logistic management of any health facility, as any cost savings could be spent more gainfully in some other way and thus more lives could be saved, reduced morbidities and overall positive impact. Future healthcare managers will have to utilize scientific methods of inventory management and the role of an efficient hospital logistics system cannot be ignored anymore. Inventory control is an important component of hospital management. It provides significant improvement in patient care, customer relationships and optimal use of resources. The objective of this paper is to present an up-to-date review of inventory control and critically appraise its various techniques, various costs associated with it and methods of indenting stock. This review will benefit post-graduate students and public health workers in understanding the concepts and principle of inventory control and applying the same in their practice.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2022-03-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/2264
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 34 No. 1 (2022)
eng
Copyright (c) 2022 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/2275
2022-10-08T05:53:25Z
IJCH:RA
"220331 2022 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
A Study of Malaria in Jharkhand State
Nath, Arvind
National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector 8 Dwarka, New Delhi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8474-5135
Background: The aim of India is to reach zero Malaria cases by 2027 and then wait for three years before WHO can grant Malaria-free status certification. It is already the beginning of 2022 and India is about to reach the halfway mark of the Malaria Elimination framework period of 2016 to 2027. Objectives: To see how far Jharkhand has reached about Malaria elimination targets. Methods: By reviewing documents published by the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP). Results: The Latehar District of Jharkhand had a very high Annual Parasite Incidence (API) of 10.86 during 2018. Conclusions: If interventions like the treatment of positive patients and asymptomatic carriers occur, the API will be expected to decrease drastically.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2022-03-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/2275
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 34 No. 1 (2022)
eng
Copyright (c) 2022 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/2284
2023-02-15T06:03:33Z
IJCH:RA
"220630 2022 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Integration of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases (NAFLD) into NPCDCS programme: A recent initiative in India
Srivastava, Prerna
Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences New Delhi, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5435-9340
Prasad, Manya
Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences New Delhi, India
Kapil, Umesh
Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences New Delhi, India
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging public health problem globally. NAFLD is one of the most common liver diseases worldwide and is the most common cause of abnormal liver enzymes in many developed countries. NAFLD is estimated to afflict approximately 1 billion individuals worldwide. An estimated 20-30 % of general population is afflicted from it globally. In India NAFLD could be a silent epidemic with its prevalence ranging from 9-32%. Studies have shown, strong association of NAFLD with major Non Communicable diseases (NCD) like Diabetes, Obesity, CVD, Chronic Kidney diseases, Cancers, etc. Perceiving the threat of NAFLD and the central role of hepatic accumulation of fat in the pathogenesis of other NCD, the Government of India (GoI) has taken steps to include NAFLD in the public health agenda. It has included it in the national NCD programme, i.e., National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) in 2021. India has become the first country in the world to start a national programme for preventive efforts for NAFLD. The present review describes public health relevance of NAFLD and the process of integration of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases (NAFLD) into NPCDCS programme in India.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2022-06-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/2284
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 34 No. 2 (2022)
eng
Copyright (c) 2022 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/2348
2023-02-15T06:04:59Z
IJCH:RA
"220630 2022 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Omicron and vaccine booster dose – an update
Basavanna, Pushpa Nagavalli
JSS Medical College, JSS Academy Of Higher Education And Research, Mysore, Karnataka https://orcid.org/ https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6417-5350
Basavanagowdappa, Hatur
JSS Medical College, JSS Academy Of Higher Education And Research, Mysore, Karnataka
Siddaiah, Archana
St.John’s National Academy of Health sciences, Bangalore
Patra, Apurba
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-4481
Srinivasan, Viveka
Azeezia Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kollam https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7719-4024
Janardhan, Sudha Makam
HELYXON Health care Solutions Pvt Limited, Chennai
Pasi, Rachna
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4889-7905
Ravi, Kumar Satish
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0527-2825
Mutations in coronavirus is not unheard off. The variant, Omicron B.1.1.529 has overall 50 mutations and is considered as a variant of concern. Though the new variant has shown changes throughout its genome, S gene changes predominate. Significant changes in the S encoding gene, S gene, influences not only the transmissibility properties of SARS-CoV-2 but also the efficacy of existing vaccines. Increased transmissibility and ability of this variant to evade host immune responses conferred either due to past infections or due to vaccination driving increase in number of infections. However, the severity of the infections is low in comparison to its predecessors. A meta-analysis of ten studies analyzing the effect of COVID-19 vaccine booster dose, it was found studies report 10-to-42-fold increase in omicron neutralization. COVID appropriate behaviors, if followed rigidly can bring a meaningful change in the viral spread and resultant health impacts.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2022-06-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/2348
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 34 No. 2 (2022)
eng
Copyright (c) 2022 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/2350
2023-02-15T06:01:50Z
IJCH:RA
"220630 2022 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Disaster and Mental Health Preparedness in India: A Scoping Review
Sutar, Roshan
All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhopal https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1027-1659
Majumdar, Anindo
All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhopal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5761-7218
Amudhan, Senthil
National Institute of Mental and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8361-9623
Satpathy, Parmeshwar
Dr. B. C. Roy Multi Speciality Medical Research Centre, IIT Kharagpur, West Bengal https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7106-7606
Singh, Vijender
All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhopal
Background: Disaster and mental health preparedness are inseparable domains highlighted during all the major disasters in India. To build Disaster-Mental health Preparedness (Disaster MHP), one has to understand the existing strategies, systemic efforts, and ground-level implementation. In this scoping review, we have analyzed the mental health preparedness efforts during major disasters in India. Methodology: We followed the Peters MDJ et al framework for scoping review named ‘Guidance for conducting systematic scoping reviews. This included the searching relevant articles on PubMed and google Scholar, and concept-context of the review. Results: The review identified major efforts taken during ten disasters in past 40 years and mapping of the potential areas for development of sustainable efforts towards Disaster MHP. Conclusion: This is the first systematic scoping review from India that provides insight into strength and sustainability of disaster mental health preparedness in India. The mapping of the review focuses on the models emerged from Bhopal, Odisha, Tamilnadu and NIMHANS for the future infrastructure, capacity building, and environment required for Disaster-MHP in India.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2022-06-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/2350
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 34 No. 2 (2022)
eng
Copyright (c) 2022 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/2365
2022-07-13T09:45:57Z
IJCH:RA
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/2378
2023-02-15T06:02:38Z
IJCH:RA
"220630 2022 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Repercussion of Covid-19 on Health and Nutritional Status of Elderly: Current Scenario
Khenduja, Preetika
Lady Irwin College, University of Delhi, Delhi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4437-5889
Sabharwal, Manisha
Lady Irwin College, University of Delhi, Delhi
Ageing is an inevitable process with numerous changes in a physiological, biological, cognitive, and social environment. The COVID-19 pandemic has posed an unprecedented public health crisis globally. Both the problems adversely affect the nutritional and health status of the elderly. Malnutrition, increase risk of chronic morbidities, low socioeconomic status along with social deprivations influence the health and well-being of old age. Lack of physical activity is common due to loss of skeletal muscle mass and an increase of fat mass eventually causes functional inability. The review aimed to report the impact of Covid-19 on the health and nutritional status of the elderly. A thorough recent literature search was conducted using PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases using specific keywords related to the aims. All related articles published on COVID-19 during 2020 and their effect on health and nutrition in the elderly were retrieved. The study found that nutritional status influences mortality and co-morbidities among the elderly during the COVID-19 situation. Furthermore, the study found that though nutritional indicators, that is, overweight or obese, significantly increase the risk of co-morbid conditions among older adults, good nutrition reduces the risk of all-cause mortality. Although ageing is an irreversible process, it is never too late to start practicing a healthy behavioral lifestyle for achieving healthy ageing.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2022-06-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/2378
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 34 No. 2 (2022)
eng
Copyright (c) 2022 Indian Journal of Community Health
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/2490
2023-02-16T10:56:44Z
IJCH:RA
"221231 2022 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
A Systematic review of factors affecting compliance toward oral iron-folic acid supplementation among pregnant women in India.
Khanam, Areeba
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5279-5798
Vohra, Kashish
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6635-9142
Achary MG, Thejas
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1162-2334
Ranjith, Anjusha
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2595-4532
Bharti, Harshiti
Institute of Home Economics, New Delhi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7995-4098
Rupam
Institute of Home Economics, New Delhi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3373-4206
Kaur, Ravneet
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8226-8614
Yadav, Kapil
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Background: Iron-folic acid deficiency is the most common complication during pregnancy. Iron deficiency is responsible for various health complications among pregnant women. Compliance with IFA supplementation is variable across India several factors are associated with compliance with IFA supplementation. Objective: The objective of this systematic review is to assess the factors affecting compliance toward oral iron-folic acid supplementation among pregnant women in India. Methods: The primary search was carried out using PubMed, Google scholar, the WHO website, and Research Gate which provide access to full?text research articles from January 2012 to 25th January 2022 published data were searched. Result: A total of 74 studies were identified, and 20 were included in this review. Out of the 20 studies, sixteen were cross-sectional, two mixed methods, and two randomized control trials. knowledge of IFA, education, socioeconomic status, the timing of registration and number of antenatal visits, type of family, and age of the pregnant women were the factors that affect the compliance of IFA supplementation. Conclusion: Knowledge of iron-folic acid supplementation, Timing of registration and number of Antenatal Care visits, educational level of the pregnant women, and age of the pregnant women were factors associated with the compliance of IFA supplementation among pregnant women in India.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2022-12-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/2490
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 34 No. 4 (2022)
eng
Copyright (c) 2022 Areeba khanam, Ms. Kashish Vohra, Thejas Achary MG, Dr. Anjusha Ranjith, Ms. Harshiti Bharti, Ms. Rupam Ghosh, Dr. Ravneet Kaur, Dr. Kapil Yadav
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/2531
2023-04-17T03:57:25Z
IJCH:RA
"230331 2023 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
A Narrative Review on Priorities of Mental Health Issues among Transgenders: “So Near, Yet so Far”
Das, Sai Chandan
Fakir Mohan Medical College and Hospital, Balasore, Odisha, India https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1186-3963
Deep Shikha
Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5766-341X
Bhattacharya, Sudip
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand
Sinha, Richa
Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2636-5393
In recent years there is a rapid rise in coming out of sexual and gender minority adults to their family members and society. Unfortunately, studies on unmet health needs of transgenders with a special focus to mental health is under-researched in India. The current paper aimed to explore about the mental health of transgenders and a literature search was done using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases for the following medical subject headings (MeSH) key terms “transgender”, “mental Health”, “social stigma”, “LGBT”, “gender dysphoria”, “genderqueer”, “intersex”, “MSM”, “hijra”, “gay”, “lesbian”, “bisexual”, and “homosexual”. Transgender individuals were found to show high rates of mental health concerns. The most common mental health problems that we have shown in this review article are depression, obsessive-compulsive disorders, generalized anxiety disorders, suicidal attempts and bipolar disorders. Transgender people are at more risk for mental health problems than their heterogenous counterparts. The intervention program to eliminate or reduce these problems needs to be planned carefully, considering all the determinants.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2023-03-31 11:28:13
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/2531
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 35 No. 1 (2023)
eng
Copyright (c) 2023 Sai Chandan Das, Deep Shikha, Sudip Bhattacharya, Richa Sinha
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/2537
2023-04-17T03:57:12Z
IJCH:RA
"230331 2023 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Challenges of Second-hand Smoke: Are We Asking the Right Questions?
Sharma, Akash Deep
Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8469-4788
Raghavan, Rashmi
Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8468-3009
Garg, Suneela
Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi
Aggarwal, Pradeep
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-0483
Kishore, Surekha
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0813-8621
Bera, Om Prakash
Global Health Advocacy Incubator, India
Second-hand tobacco smoke as defined by WHO is the smoke emitted by a smoker or released from a burnt cigarette or any tobacco product. It is highly prevalent all over the globe but its serious health implications are often neglected by the public and the scientific community alike. Second-hand smoke has everlasting impact on all the body’s major organs, especially among the vulnerable population of children, pregnant ladies, people with chronic diseases and senior citizens. Although India started its war against this menace earlier than other counties, all its efforts remain bootless as its approach and implementation have a wide range of lacunae. This review aims to give a big picture of second-hand smoke, highlighting its pathophysiological changes in the body, socioeconomic impact, various strategies, and the gap that prevents these strategies from finding a favorable result in India. It becomes all the more important to reduce its impact owing to the increase in prevalence among youth reducing their vitality, derailing the society and the nation. It is recommended that the health authorities approach this health problem with utmost seriousness as a laid-back approach could welcome this silent killer’s known and unknown repercussions.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2023-03-31 11:28:13
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/2537
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 35 No. 1 (2023)
eng
Copyright (c) 2023 Akash Deep Sharma, Rashmi Raghavan, Suneela Garg, Pradeep Aggarwal, Surekha Kishore, Om Prakash Bera
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/2575
2023-12-22T04:35:08Z
IJCH:RA
"230930 2023 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Rabies elimination policy guidelines: Where do we stand?
Shenoy, M Swathi
All India Institute of Medical sciences, Raipur https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7854-6957
Santra, Archismita
IQ City Medical College and Hospital, West Bengal https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9117-8506
Giri, Anjan Kumar
All India Institute of Medical sciences, Raipur https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0365-5518
Introduction: Rabies is one of the Neglected Tropical diseases. India accounts for 35% of rabies-related human deaths globally. Despite effective preventive and control strategies, India hasn't been able to eliminate rabies. Methodology: A narrative review was done by comparing various policies and programmes related to rabies control and elimination in India and other countries, and the gaps persisting in the Indian guidelines and its implementation were assessed. Results: There are multiple gaps in the Indian programme implementation ranging from multiple stockouts of vaccines, unavailability of rabies immunoglobulin, and lack of a robust surveillance system to lack of refreshing training of the health staff. Recommendations: For effective implementation, the population should have increased awareness, with increased production and an effective supply chain of vaccines and immunoglobulins. There should also be a robust surveillance system with periodic refresher training of the health staff.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2023-09-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/2575
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 35 No. 3 (2023)
eng
Copyright (c) 2023 Dr M Swathi Shenoy, Dr Archismita Santra
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/2680
2024-03-27T04:07:05Z
IJCH:RA
"240229 2024 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Promotion and strategies of menstrual cup use among healthcare providers: A primer towards a sustainable solution for menstrual health and hygiene management in India
Behera , Surama Manjari
Siksha 'O' Anusandhan, Bhubaneswar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8569-7323
Epari, Venkatarao
Siksha 'O' Anusandhan, Bhubaneswar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1841-352X https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1841-352X
Behera, Priyamadhaba
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9318-4483
Patro, Binod Kumar
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0019-4522
Menstrual cups are considered a sustainable solution for menstrual health and hygiene management, as they are cost-effective, environment-friendly, reusable and offer health benefits over traditional menstrual hygiene products such as pads and tampons. However, in lower middle income countries (LMICs), menstrual cup use is limited. Recently, India's current menstrual hygiene program has included menstrual cups as an option for menstrual health and hygiene management. However, the menstrual cup has not been promoted widely in the Indian context. Even if the use of menstrual cups among female healthcare providers in India is minimal, the manuscript identified the crucial challenges in menstrual health and hygiene management, the role of menstrual cups as a solution and the essential strategies to increase menstrual cup use. Programmatic success requires endorsement from healthcare providers as they are trusted sources of information related to healthcare. Good experiences and leading examples from healthcare providers about using menstrual cups is a welcoming step in the path of the dream of a "pad-free country" for India.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2024-02-29 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/2680
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 36 No. 1 (2024)
eng
Copyright (c) 2024 Surama Manjari Behera , Venkatarao Epari, Priyamadhaba Behera, Binod Kumar Patro
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/2697
2024-03-27T04:07:05Z
IJCH:RA
"240229 2024 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Exploring the Relationship between Environmental Cognition, Pro-Environmental Behavior, and Mental Health among Adolescents: A Narrative Review
Jacob, Leema
Christ University, Bengaluru. India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2065-228X
Reddy, K Jayasankara
Christ University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-0472
Introduction: Adolescents’ cognition, behavior, and attitudes are essential for environmental conservation; hence, the physical environment is inevitable in their mental health. The environment can influence adolescents’ sense of support, freedom, and the stimulation they seek in life. Environmental factors such as pollution, weather, lifestyle changes, and working conditions significantly influence adolescents' mental health. Knowing and learning about environmental cognition and its influence on adolescents is vital. Objective: To understand the relationship between environmental cognition, pro-environmental behavior, and mental health among adolescents with the help of a narrative approach. Methods: The present article ‘employed a narrative review.’ Research articles were taken from four databases, PubMed, Research Gate, Web of Science, and Science Direct, using the PRISMA procedure from 2000 to 2023. The data was collected from various databases and narrowed down for the results. Results: This study proves a strong relationship between environmental cognition, pro-environmental behavior, and adolescents' mental health. Twenty-six selected research studies out of 45 initial studies state that solid environmental cognition may lead to enhanced pro-environmental behavior, which is crucial to adolescents’ mental health and well-being. Furthermore, pro-environmental cognition wholly mediated the relationship between environmental behavior and mental well-being. Conclusion: Implications of this study concentrate on developing focused interventions, creating urban planning policies, and developing adolescent-friendly community designs, which are solid pillars for promoting mental health. Adolescents must be motivated to protect the environment to become pioneers of pro-environmental behavior.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2024-02-29 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/2697
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 36 No. 1 (2024)
eng
Copyright (c) 2024 LEEMA JACOB MSMI
oai:journal.iapsmupuk.org:article/2782
2024-01-20T14:56:40Z
IJCH:RA
"231231 2023 eng "
2248-9509
0971-7587
dc
Routine Childhood Immunization: Its health, developmental, economic and social benefits
Sangma, Risa Vernette Nengminza
Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2825-2755
Rasania, Sanjeev Kumar
Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3061-1075
Vijayan, Sruthi Madathiparambil
Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
Mishra, Pallavi
Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
Chawale, Shubham Vivekanand
Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6470-868X
Introduction: Immunization plays a pivotal role in public health. It is one of the most cost-effective inventions that have helped bring down a significant amount of burden of diseases among under-five children, some of which are now on the verge of extinction. Objective: To assess the diverse benefits of routine childhood immunization. Methodology: A literature review was conducted using electronic database to understand the broader benefits of immunization. Results: Studies have shown that routine childhood immunization have been able to reduce the incidence of influenza and other targeted diseases (diphtheria, Haemophilus influenzae type b, measles, mumps, polio, and rubella) by 17% and 100% respectively. Conclusion: Vaccines are known to have protective and positive health benefit which extends beyond infancy and childhood. It is therefore one of the best strategies in public health to reduce morbidity and mortality and enable child survival.
MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd.
2023-12-31 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/2782
Indian Journal of Community Health; Vol. 35 No. 4 (2023)
eng
Copyright (c) 2023 Risa Vernette Sangma, Sanjeev Kumar Rasania, Pallavi Mishra, Sruthi M Vijayan, Shubham Vivekanand Chawale