Tobacco Usage Pattern and Its Impact on Quality of Life (QOL) in Elderly Tribal Population in a Selected District of Western Odisha – A Mixed Method Study

Abstract

Introduction: Tobacco use is a major public health problem, particularly among aged individuals in indigenous peoples, where cultural characteristics and limited healthcare access promote its widespread use. In Odisha, tobacco consumption is highly prevalent among tribal communities and may adversely affect quality of life. Aim & Objectives: TO estimate the prevalence and patterns of tobacco use among aged individuals (≥60 years) in a tribal district of Odisha and to assess its impact on quality of life using the WHOQOL-BREF instrument. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2025 in Kalahandi district. Using multistage sampling, 200 aged individuals were included. Two focus group discussions explored cultural characteristics influencing tobacco use. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, independent t-test, and Pearson’s correlation, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Thematic analysis was used for qualitative data. Results: Of 200 participants, 68% used smoking forms and 72% used smokeless tobacco. Tobacco users had significantly lower scores across all domains of quality of life (p < 0.05). Qualitative findings showed strong cultural acceptance, with perceived medicinal and social roles. Conclusion: Tobacco use is highly prevalent and negatively impacts quality of life. Culturally appropriate cessation strategies are needed.