SOCIAL SUPPORT AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH PHYSICAL HEALTH AMONG ELDERLY IN DISTRICT GHAZIABAD

Abstract

Abstract

Background:
Population ageing is increasing rapidly in India, leading to a growing number of elderly individuals who are vulnerable to physical disability and dependence. Social support plays a crucial role in maintaining physical health and functional independence among older adults, especially in rural settings.

Objective:
To assess level of social support and its association with physical health among elderly in district Ghaziabad.

Methods:
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 630 elderly individuals aged ?60 years residing in rural areas of district Ghaziabad. Participants were selected using a multistage random sampling technique. Data was collected through house-to-house visits using a pre-designed and pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Perceived social support was assessed using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and physical health was assessed using the Barthel Index for activities of daily living. Data were analysed using appropriate statistical tests, including chi-square test and Spearman’s rank correlation.

Results:
The majority of participants were aged 60–69 years (42.1%) and were males (73.8%). Most elderly had moderate social support (65.2%), followed by high (17.9%) and low social support (16.8%). The mean Barthel Index score was 75.19 ± 29.69, indicating moderate functional ability. Moderate dependence was observed in 42.9% of elderly, while 25.2% were totally independent. A statistically significant association was found between perceived social support and physical health status (?² = 147.82, df = 8, p < 0.001). A strong positive correlation was observed between MSPSS score and Barthel Index score (Spearman’s ? = 0.605, p < 0.001), indicating better functional independence with higher social support.

Conclusion:
Higher perceived social support is significantly associated with better physical health and greater independence in activities of daily living among the elderly. Strengthening family and community-based social support systems may play an important role in improving functional health and quality of life of elderly individuals in rural areas.

Keywords: Elderly, Social support, Physical health, Activities of daily living, Barthel Index, MSPSS