AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF THE SPECTRUM OF PHYSIOLOGICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL DYNAMICS IN INDIVIDUALS WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES

Abstract

Background: A small percentage of all diabetes cases are caused Type 1 diabetes (T1D), which impacts millions of individuals worldwide. While managing blood sugar is crucial, psychological and social factors also play a key role. Many with T1D face stress, anxiety and depression, which impact disease management. Family support, stigma and healthcare access further influence their experiences. Despite medical advances, understanding how these factors interact and impact overall health and quality of life remains limited.

Objectives: To evaluate the combined impact of physiological, psychological, and social factors affecting the health and quality of life of individuals with Type 1 diabetes.

Methods: An observational study was conducted with 82 individuals living with T1D. Data were collected through interviews using structured questionnaires to gather socio-demographic information, physical, anthropometric, and laboratory assessments (FBS, HbA1c) to evaluate health status and diabetes control. Psychological well-being was assessed using an anxiety scale and questionnaires on personal experiences with T1D. Social factors such as family support, healthcare access, treatment adherence, and diabetes quality of life were assessed alongside dietary practices and physical activity levels.

Results: On analysis the mean age of the patients found was 21.96±2.003 years (Males > females), majority belonging to middle class families (Rural>Urban). 33 (40.24%) patients had a family history of T2D with mean BMI of 20.1±1.94. The mean age of T1D onset diagnosed was 18.32±1.46 years, with gradual onset often presenting as hypoglycemic attacks. 80 (97.56%) patients were on insulin, showing good adherence and glycaemic control (mean HbA1c 7.05±0.47, FBS 107.02±15.38).

Total 56 (68.29%) T1D patients were anxious about the condition and maintaining the timing of the Insulin administration and hypoglycaemia. Patients were also anxious about the long term complications and adherence to the treatment. Family support was strong, but rural healthcare access was challenging. The average Quality of Life (QoL) score was 67.25±12.88, with scores lower in those with poor economic conditions, inadequate dietary practices and low physical activity. Patients without complications had higher QoL, while complications and comorbidities significantly reduced it. There was a statistically significant correlation between QoL and factors like HbA1c, diabetes duration, and the number and type of complications.

Conclusion: This study highlights the interconnected challenges faced by individuals with Type 1 diabetes. It emphasizes the need for a holistic approach that considers physical, psychological, and social factors. By addressing these areas, healthcare providers can improve both the management and quality of life for people living with T1D.