An epidemiological study of prevalence and predictors of Hypertension among adults aged 30-70 years in rural Gurugram, Haryana

Abstract

Background: Hypertension, often termed the “silent killer,” is a leading global health challenge, affecting over 1.3 billion adults worldwide. Despite its high prevalence, awareness and control remain alarmingly low, particularly in low- and middle-income countries such as India, where urban and rural disparities in hypertension rates exist. Methods: A cross-sectional, door-to-door survey was conducted in the rural village of Mankrola, Haryana, India, among adults aged 30–70 years (n=300). Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ?140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ?90 mmHg, or a prior diagnosis. Data on sociodemographic, behavioural risk factors, and perceived stress were collected. Adjusted Odds Ratios with 95% Confidence Intervals were estimated using a multivariate logistic regression model with hypertension as a dependent variable. Results: Hypertension prevalence increased with age, peaking at 42% in those 70 years or older. Prevalence was similar among males (22%) and females (21%). Higher rates were observed among those with lower education (illiterate: 30%), and individuals in certain occupations (e.g., semi-professionals: 46%). Significant behavioural risk factors included high salt intake (>20g/day: 38%), obesity (BMI ?30: 44%), current smoking (28%), and smokeless tobacco use (32%). Alcohol use and higher stress levels also showed positive associations. Conclusion: This study highlights the substantial burden of hypertension in a rural Indian population and underscores the critical influence of socio-behavioural factors. Targeted, culturally appropriate interventions addressing salt reduction, tobacco cessation, weight management, and health education are urgently needed to mitigate hypertension’s growing impact in similar settings.