Spectacle Usage Patterns and Associated Socio-Demographic Factors in Middle School Students with Refractive Error

Abstract

Introduction

Uncorrected refractive errors (URE) are a primary cause of avoidable vision loss in school-aged children, often leading to poor academic performance and reduced socio-economic potential. Despite screening efforts, spectacle coverage remains a challenge due to low compliance and various socio-demographic barriers.

Objectives

The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of spectacle usage among middle school children with refractive error and to identify the factors and reasons influencing irregular use.

Methodology

A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2024 to March 2025 in rural Meerut. Using multistage sampling, 350 students from the 6th to 8th standards were selected from government and private schools. Data were analyzed using Epi-info, with Chi-square tests used to determine associations.

Results

The prevalence of refractive error among the 350 participants was 22.6% (n=79). Among those with refractive error, 59% (n=47) owned spectacles, but only 47% of owners used them regularly, resulting in an irregular usage rate of 53%. Most common reason for irregular use was glasses fogging or getting wet.

Conclusion & Recommendations

Nearly a quarter of middle school students suffer from refractive errors, yet over half of those with spectacles fail to wear them consistently due to maintenance difficulties and social stigma. Practical issues, specifically lens fogging and dirt remain the most significant physical barriers to regular use across all demographic groups. Public health initiatives should prioritize regular screenings in government schools and awareness programs to reduce peer teasing.

Keywords : Refractive Error, Spectacle Compliance, Middle School Students, Visual Impairment