Youth Wellness Beyond Mental Health: A Multidimensional Survey in Rishikesh, Uttarakhand (2025)

Validation of YUWA-JOSH Tool

Authors

Keywords:

Youth, Holistic wellness, Mental Health, Educational Environment, YUWA-JOSH

Abstract

Abstract

Background:
Youth wellness is a multidimensional construct shaped by physical, emotional, social, spiritual, intellectual, financial and environmental influences. In India, despite a favourable demographic dividend, youth wellness remains underexplored and mental health needs are often unmet.

Objectives:
To assess the multidimensional wellness of youth (15–29 years) in Rishikesh, Uttarakhand.

Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 418 youth recruited from educational institutions using convenience sampling. Data were collected using the self-administered YUWA–JOSH (Youth Upliftment and AWareness Journey towards Optimism, Strength and Harmony) wellness questionnaire covering seven wellness domains. Data described appropriately.

Results:

Of the 418 young participants, the majority were female (59.1%) and between the ages of 15 to 19 years(52.8%). More than half (58.6%) came from low-income families (??30,000/month) and almost half (45.7%) were enrolled in undergraduate programs. Although 62% slept well and more than half (50.5%) exercised routinely. Youth emotional vulnerability, 31.8% of respondents reported engaging in self-harming thoughts or behaviours and 41.6% found spiritual practices meaningful.           

Conclusion:
Youth wellness is influenced by a complex interaction of behavioural, social and economic factors. Interventions must adopt a holistic wellness framework integrating physical activity, social support, financial resilience and responsible digital engagement to strengthen youth wellness.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Santosh Kumar, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh

Associate Professor

References

References:

Banavaram AA, Banandur P, Sukumar GM, Gururaj G, Rao GN, Amudhan S, et al. Health-impacting behaviour among youth in Kolar district, India: a population-based cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open [Internet]. 2025 Aug 1 [cited 2025 Nov 10];15(8):e092085. Available from: https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/8/e092085

National Youth Policy - 2014 Document. Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports. Government of India. [accessed 10 Nov 2025] Available from: https://yas.nic.in/national-youth-policy

Minde N, Roop S, Tronvoll K. The Rise and Fall of the Government of National Unity in Zanzibar: A Critical Analysis of the 2015 elections. Journal of African Elections [Internet]. 2018 Jun 1 [cited 2025 Nov 10];162–84. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327431203_The_Rise_and_Fall_of_the_Government_of_National_Unity_in_Zanzibar_A_Critical_Analysis_of_the_2015_elections

Kullolli BS. Problems Faced by Indian Youth: A Review. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts. 2023;11(11):a420–7. Available from: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2311054.pdf

Nath Y, Paris J, Thombs B, Kirmayer L. Prevalence and social determinants of suicidal behaviours among college youth in India. International Journal of Social Psychiatry [Internet]. 2012 Jul [cited 2025 Nov 5];58(4):393–9. Available from: https://scholar.google.com/scholar_url?url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0020764011401164%3Fcasa_token%3DBFBfWPfIMKQAAAAA:9qsw6Cqec8mUV5C7u_6z_L4YdeLeYe_sxyHgALVP0ZmZUY2baqEVfw7xGMu0tOp22V1xREdgjsPnc5xnNw&hl=en&sa=T&oi=ucasa&ct=ucasa&ei=EcsKaYKTDeSv6rQPyvOsIQ&scisig=ABGrvjLYhVFcajEtMiH22V0HvbSP

WHO. Suicide worldwide in 2021: global health estimates [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov 10]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240110069

Kessler RC, Borges G, Walters EE. Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Lifetime Suicide Attempts in the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry [Internet]. 1999 Jul 1 [cited 2025 Sep 12];56(7):617–26. Available from: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/205075

Cha CB, Franz PJ, M. Guzmán E, Glenn CR, Kleiman EM, Nock MK. Suicide among Youth: Epidemiology, (Potential) Etiology, and Treatment. J Child Psychol Psychiatry [Internet]. 2017 Apr 1 [cited 2025 Sep 12];59(4):460. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5867204/

Holt MK, Vivolo-Kantor AM, Polanin JR, Holland KM, DeGue S, Matjasko JL, et al. Bullying and Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors: A Meta-Analysis. Pediatrics [Internet]. 2015 Feb 1 [cited 2025 Sep 12];135(2):e496–509. Available from: /pediatrics/article/135/2/e496/33439/Bullying-and-Suicidal-Ideation-and-Behaviors-A

Leigh E, Chiu K, Ballard ED. Social Anxiety and Suicidality in Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol [Internet]. 2022 Apr 1 [cited 2025 Sep 12];51(4):441. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10017648/

Liu JW, Tu YK, Lai YF, Lee HC, Tsai PS, Chen TJ, et al. Associations between sleep disturbances and suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep [Internet]. 2019 Jun 11 [cited 2025 Sep 12];42(6). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30843072/

Miranda-Mendizabal A, Castellví P, Parés-Badell O, Alayo I, Almenara J, Alonso I, et al. Gender differences in suicidal behavior in adolescents and young adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Int J Public Health [Internet]. 2019 Mar 1 [cited 2025 Sep 12];64(2):265. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6439147/

Richardson R, Connell T, Foster M, Blamires J, Keshoor S, Moir C, et al. Risk and Protective Factors of Self-harm and Suicidality in Adolescents: An Umbrella Review with Meta-Analysis. J Youth Adolesc [Internet]. 2024 Jun 1 [cited 2025 Sep 12];53(6):1301. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11045640/

Hayward MD, Gorman BK. The long arm of childhood: The influence of early-life social conditions on men’s mortality. Demography [Internet]. 2004 Feb 1 [cited 2025 Aug 24];41(1):87–107. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1353/dem.2004.0005

Kumari S. Comparative Study of Joint and Nuclear Family in India. University Grants Commission, New Delhi Recognized Journal No. 2018;41311.

Arlinghaus KR, Johnston CA. The Importance of Creating Habits and Routine. Am J Lifestyle Med [Internet]. 2018 Mar 1 [cited 2025 Nov 4];13(2):142. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6378489/

Dumuid D, Maher C, Lewis LK, Stanford TE, Martín Fernández JA, Ratcliffe J, et al. Human development index, children’s health-related quality of life and movement behaviors: a compositional data analysis. Qual Life Res [Internet]. 2018 Jun 1 [cited 2025 Sep 16];27(6):1473. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7484943/

De A, Mukherjee D. Causal Analysis of Health, Education, and Economic Well-Being in India -- Evidence from the Young Lives Survey. 2025 Aug 29 [cited 2025 Sep 16]; Available from: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.21370

Hettler B. NWI-six-dimensions-fact-sheet. pdf. National Wellness Institute. Retrieved August. 1976 Aug 18;31:2025.

DUNN HL. High-Level Wellness for Man and Society. https://doi.org/102105/AJPH496786 [Internet]. 2011 Aug 29 [cited 2025 Sep 15];49(6):786–92. Available from: https://scholar.google.com/scholar_url?url=https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdf/10.2105/AJPH.49.6.786&hl=en&sa=T&oi=ucasa&ct=ufr&ei=5kTIaMjLO7fQ6rQP2LmBgQ4&scisig=AAZF9b-qVBBjG_7eZOGTVxERQxe4

Swarbrick M. A wellness approach to mental health recovery. Recovery of People with Mental Illness [Internet]. 2012 May 30 [cited 2025 Sep 15];30–8. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/book/24866/chapter/188588215

Alnujaidi HY, Al-Rayes SA, Alumran A. The Evolution of Wellness Models: Implications for Women’s Health and Well-Being. Int J Womens Health [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Sep 15];17:597. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11890039/

Gupta S, Basera D. Youth Suicide in India: A Critical Review and Implication for the National Suicide Prevention Policy. Omega (Westport) [Internet]. 2023 Nov 1 [cited 2025 Nov 5];88(1):245–73. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34505537/

Majeed J, Sharma P, Ajmera P, Dalal K. Menstrual hygiene practices and associated factors among Indian adolescent girls: a meta-analysis. Reprod Health [Internet]. 2022 Dec 1 [cited 2025 Nov 5];19(1). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35739585/

S S. Impact of social media on Youth: Comprehensive Analysis. Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal. 2023 Oct 5;02(04):286–301.

Pradeep BS, Arelingaiah M, Ramamurthy S V., Suma R, Saraswat N, Reddy AGE, et al. Health and Lifestyle Issues among Youth: A Record Analysis of Contributing Factors among Beneficiaries Attending Youth Mental Health Promotion Clinics (Yuva Spandana Kendras) in Karnataka, India. Indian J Community Med [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2025 Nov 5];48(6):852. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10795873/

Sahni H, Sharma M, Panda BK, Das E, Behera S, Pandey N, et al. Understanding sexual and reproductive health need of unmarried adolescents and youth in urban slums: evidence from a formative study in Uttar Pradesh, India. Reprod Health [Internet]. 2025 Dec 1 [cited 2025 Nov 5];22(1). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40537765/

Rani R, Kannaujiya AK, Talukdar P, Sikarwar A. Gender and rural-urban differences in hypertension among youth in India: Insights from a large scale survey, 2015-16. J Biosoc Sci [Internet]. 2023 May 28 [cited 2025 Nov 5];55(3):523–37. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35343405/

Report of the Technical group of Population Projection July 2020 (2011-2036). Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. GOI. [accessed 10 Nov 2025] Available from: https://www.mohfw.gov.in/?q=en/reports-0.

Garg M, Liu X, Sathvik MSVPJ, Raza S, Sohn S. MultiWD: Multi-label wellness dimensions in social media posts. J Biomed Inform [Internet]. 2024 Feb 1 [cited 2025 Sep 18];150:104586. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10923126/

NFHS. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. GOI. [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov 4]. Available from: https://www.nfhsiips.in/nfhsuser/nfhs5.php

Ghrouz AK, Noohu MM, Dilshad Manzar M, Warren Spence D, BaHammam AS, Pandi-Perumal SR. Physical activity and sleep quality in relation to mental health among college students. Sleep and Breathing 2019 23:2 [Internet]. 2019 Jan 26 [cited 2025 Nov 4];23(2):627–34. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11325-019-01780-z

Venkatesh U, Aparnavi P, Mogan KA, Durga R, Pearson J, Kishore S, et al. Determinants of substance use among young people attending primary health centers in India. Cambridge Prisms: Global Mental Health [Internet]. 2024 Feb 12 [cited 2025 Nov 4];11:e23. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/global-mental-health/article/determinants-of-substance-use-among-young-people-attending-primary-health-centers-in-india/E07F20697D41DBB52386F703794E6A83

Lodha P. Internet Addiction, Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Indian Youth. Indian Journal of Mental Health [Internet]. 2018 Dec 24 [cited 2025 Nov 4];5(4):427. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332418477_Internet_Addiction_Depression_Anxiety_and_Stress_among_Indian_Youth

Senapati RE, Jena S, Parida J, Panda A, Patra PK, Pati S, et al. The patterns, trends and major risk factors of suicide among Indian adolescents – a scoping review. BMC Psychiatry 2024 24:1 [Internet]. 2024 Jan 9 [cited 2025 Nov 4];24(1):1–16. Available from: https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12888-023-05447-8

Published

2026-02-11

How to Cite

1.
Kumar S, Basavaraj Shankar Yankannavar, Sakshi Gautam, Kanika Gupta. Youth Wellness Beyond Mental Health: A Multidimensional Survey in Rishikesh, Uttarakhand (2025): Validation of YUWA-JOSH Tool. Indian Journal of Community Health [Internet]. 2026 Feb. 11 [cited 2026 Feb. 16];37(6). Available from: http://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/3461

Issue

Section

Original Article

Dimensions Badge

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>