Identifying Pre-hypertensives in the Community: At Risk Approach for Prevention of Hypertension
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47203/IJCH.2023.v35i02.007Keywords:
Humans, Male, Prehypertension, Cross-Sectional Studies, Prevalence, Sample Size, Hypertension, Life Style, Surveys and Questionnaires, OccupationsAbstract
Introduction: Pre-hypertension is a borderline health state of increased blood pressure (BP) that falls short of the measurable parameters at which surveillance and/or therapy would be required. The approach of identifying people “At Risk” of developing hypertension can be more cost-effective and feasible for applying lifestyle interventions.
Objectives: The objective of the present study is to find the prevalence of pre-hypertensives and associated bio-socio-demographic factors
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1946 participants aged 19 years and more in the Doiwala block of Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Multistage sampling was used to arrive at desired sample size. A pre-validated, structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire included information on the socio-demographic profile (age, sex, education etc.), awareness about hypertension and its associated risk factors.
Statistical Analysis: The chi-square test was used to compare proportions and draw inferences.
Results: 958 (49.2%) study participants out of a total 1946 were found to be pre-hypertensives. A statistically significant association was found between pre-hypertension and factors such as male gender, age, education, occupation and waist-hip ratio. (p<0.05) Conclusion: It is recommended that identification on the pre-hypertensive group and subjecting them to lifestyle modification could be a fruitful strategy for preventing them from becoming hypertensive.
Downloads
References
World Health Organisation. Global Action Plan for Prevention and control of Non-Communicable diseases 2013-2020 [Internet]. WHO 2013; [cited 2023 January 20]; Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/94384
/9789241506236 eng.pdf?sequence=1
World Health Organisation. Non-Communicable diseases Progress Monitor 2017 [Internet]. WHO 2017; [cited 2023 September 10]; Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/ bitstream/handle/10665/258940/9789241513029-eng.pdf? sequence=1
World Health Organisation. Global Status report on non- communicable diseases 2014 [Internet]. WHO 2014; [cited 2022 September 12]; Available from: http://apps.who.int/ iris/ bitstream/handle/10665/148114/9789241564854_eng. pdf?sequence=1
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (GBD 2016) Burden by Risk 1990-2016. [Internet]. [cited 2022 September 10]; Available from: https://ghdx.healthdata.org/record/ihme-data/gbd-2016- burden-risk-1990-2016
Epidemiology of Hypertension. JAPI. Feb 2013. Vol 61. [cited 2022 September 12]; Available from: https://japi.org/article/ files/epidemiology_of_hypertension.pdf.
Reddy KS. Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases: status and strategies July, 2003 Working paper no.
Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations.
World Health Organization [Internet] Geneva: [Updated 2018 April 24]. [Last accessed on 2021 Jan 20]. Noncommunicable diseases country profiles 2018; Available from: https://www. who.int/publications/i/item/9789241514620 .
World Health Organisation. Non-Communicable diseases Progress Monitor 2020 [Internet]. WHO 2020; [cited 2022 September 12]; Available from: https://www.who.int / publications-detail/ncd-progress-monitor-2020.
Mini G K, Sarma P S, Thankappan K R. Risk of progression to hypertension from prehypertension and normal blood pressure: Results from a prospective cohort study among industrial workers in Kerala, India. Heart Mind 2018;2:106-10.
The seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and treatment of High Blood pressure JAMA 2003;289:2560-71.
Armstrong C. JNC8 guidelines for the management of hypertension in adults. American family physician. 2014 Oct 1;90(7):503-4.
Saxena V, Kandpal SD, Goel D, Bansal S. PREVALENCE OF RISK-FACTORS OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN RURAL POPULATION OF BLOCK DOIWALA DEHRADUN. Indian J Community Health [Internet]. 2011 Dec. 31 [cited 2023 Jun. 17];23(2):65-8. Available from: https:// www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/index.php/IJCH/article/view/193
Saxena V, Dhar M, Kalyani V, Bahurupi Y, Jain B, Verma N. Coexistence Of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension and its Correlates Among Adults in Rural India: A Community- Based Study. J Cardiovasc. Dis. Res. 2021;12(3):1732-1738. doi:10.31838/jcdr.2021.12.03.220.
Saxena V, Kalyani V, Malar SK, Dhar M, Verma A, Senkadhirdasan, et al. Control of Blood Pressure in District Dehradun, India: is Rule of Halves Still Valid?. IJPHRD [Internet]. 2021 Jun. 3 [cited 2023 Jun. 17];12(3):523-32. Available from: https://medicopublication.com/index.php/ ijphrd/article/view/16122
Anchalaa BR, Kannurib NK, Pant B H, Khana H, Francoc, OH, Angelantonioa ED, et al. Hypertension in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, awareness, and control of hypertension. J of Hypertension 2014; 32(6) 1170-77 12.
National health and nutrition examination survey. Anthropometry Procedures Manual. [Internet]. CDC 2017. [cited 2022 September 12]; Available from: https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nchs/ data/nhanes/2017-2018/manuals/2017_Anthropometry_ Procedures_Manual.pdf.
Asia-Pacific Steering Committee and J. Bassett, The Asia Pacific Perspective: Redefining Obesity and Its Treatment, World Health Organization, International Association for the Study of Obesity, International Obesity Task Force, Melbourne, Australia, 2000.
IDSP Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors Survey, Phase-I States of India,2007-08[Internet]. [cited 2022 September 4]; Available from: https://main.icmr.nic.in/sites/default/files/ reports/Phase-1_States_of_India.pdf.
Rauf E, Khan MA, Siddiqui ZH, Akhtar J. EFFECT OF LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS AND YOGA IN PRE HYPERTENSION PATIENTS. Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20204- 17204.
Khanam MA, Lindeboom W, Razzaque A, Niessen L, Milton AH. Prevalence and determinants of pre-hypertension and hypertension among the adults in rural Bangladesh: findings from a community-based study. BMC Public Health. 2015 Feb 28;15:203. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1520-0.
Agho KE, Osuagwu UL, Ezeh OK, Ghimire PR, Chitekwe S, Ogbo FA. Gender differences in factors associated with prehypertension and hypertension in Nepal: A nationwide survey. PloS one. 2018 Sep 13;13(9):e0203278.
Parthaje PM, Unnikrishnan B, Thankappan KR, Thapar R, Fatt QK, Oldenburg B. Prevalence and Correlates of Prehypertension Among Adults in Urban South India. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2016 Jan;28(1 Suppl):93S-101S. doi:10.1177/1010539515616453. Epub 2015 Nov 22.
Tripathy JP, Thakur JS, Jeet G, Chawla S, Jain S. Alarmingly high prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension in North India-results from a large cross-sectional STEPS survey. PloS one. 2017 Dec 21;12(12):e0188619.
Singh RB, Fedacko J, Pella D, Macejova Z, Ghosh S, De AK, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for prehypertension and hypertension in five Indian cities. Acta cardiologica. 2011 Feb 1;66(1):29-37.
Rani B, Pal R, Jha S, Punia A, Singh S. Prevalence and risk factors associated with prehypertension and hypertension among attendants of patients at a rural tertiary care institute of Haryana. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2019 Apr;6:1657-64.
Nkeh-Chungag BN, Mxhosa TH, Mgoduka PN. Association of waist and hip circumferences with the presence of hypertension and pre-hypertension in young South African adults. Afr Health Sci. 2015 Sep;15(3):908-16. doi: 10.4314/ ahs.v15i3.27.
Mini G K, Sarma P S, Thankappan K R. Risk of progression to hypertension from prehypertension and normal blood pressure: Results from a prospective cohort study among industrial workers in Kerala, India. Heart Mind 2018;2:106-10.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Pallavi Singh, Vartika Saxena
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
