Impact of periodic counselling of diet and lifestyle modification on glycaemic index in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Keywords:
Glycemic index, Diet and Lifestyle Modifications:, Diabetes MellitusAbstract
Impact of periodic counselling of diet and lifestyle modification on glycaemic index in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Shweta Malakar1*, Dr SK Singh2, Dr Kauser Usman3
1PhD Scholar, Deptt. Of Community Medicine and Public Health, King George's Medical University UP, India.
2Professor, Deptt. Of Community Medicine and Public Health, King George's Medical University UP, India.
3Professor, Deptt of Medicine, King George's Medical University UP, India.
Abstract
Background- The cornerstones of type 2 diabetes prevention and treatment are thought to be lifestyle modification and medical nutrition therapy. Hence, this is to bring forth the impact of lifestyle modifications through periodic counselling on HbA1c levels of the patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Methodology- A randomised control trial with 1:1 allocation ratio was conducted in the department of medicine at a tertiary care centre of northern India. All diabetics between age 30 and 55 years were included in the study. Then all these patients were allocated randomly into control and experimental group. Participants in the intervention group as well as the control group were counselled on diet, exercise (physical activity), lifestyle modification and disease condition. The control group was asked to visit again after six months. The experimental group was asked to visit after every one month for periodic counselling up till six months.
Results- Out of 110 diabetics, mean age in the control and intervention group was48.24±10.126 years and 50.87±10.540 years respectively. There was a significant difference in fasting and post prandial levels of 4th and 5th follow-up across both groups. There was a significant difference in the 6th month HbA1c values of both groups (p-0.008). The difference in HbA1c among the intervention group at baseline and both follow-ups was also statistically highly significant (P value-0.0001).
Conclusion- Life style modification and diet periodic counselling and its adherence can benefit significantly on diabetes control and treatment even within 6 months of intervention.
Downloads
References
References
World Health Organization. Use of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in diagnosis of diabetes mellitus: abbreviated report of a WHO consultation. World Health Organization; 2011.
Ghorpade AG, Majgi SM, Sarkar S, Kar SS, Roy G, Ananthanarayanan PH, et al. Diabetes in rural Pondicherry, India: A population-based study of the incidence and risk factors. WHO South East Asia J Public Health 2013;2:149–55.
Gregg EW, Sattar N, Ali MK. The changing face of diabetes complications. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2016;4:537–47.
International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas. 9th ed. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation; 2019.
World Health Organization. The top 10 causes of death. Available from: http://www.who.int/en/news room/fact sheets/detail/ the-top-10-causes-of-death. [Last accessed on 2021 Jun 04].
Tao Z, ShiA, Zhao J. Epidemiological perspectives of diabetes. Cell BiochemBiophys 2015;73:181-5.
Pradeepa R, Mohan V. Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes in India. Indian journal of ophthalmology. 2021 Nov;69(11):2932.
World Health Organization. Diabetes. Available from: https:// www.who.int/health topics/diabetes#tab=tab_1. [Last accessed on 2021 Jun 04].
Nathan DM, Kuenen J, Borg R, et al. Translating the A1C assay into estimated average glucose values. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:1473–1478.
Massi-Benedetti M. Changing targets in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Curr Med Res Opin. 2006;22 Suppl 2:S5–13.
World Health Organization. Diabetes Mellitus, Report of a WHO Study Group; WHO Technical Report; WHO: Geneva, Switzerland, 1985.
Mann, J.I.; De Leeuw, I.; Hermansen, K.; Karamanos, B.; Karlstrom, B.; Katsilambros, N.; Riccardi, G.; Rivellese, A.A.; Rizkalla, S.; Slama, G.; et al. Evidence-based nutritional approaches to the treatment and prevention of diabetes mellitus. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 2004, 14, 373–394.
Uusitupa M, Khan TA, Viguiliouk E, Kahleova H, Rivellese AA, Hermansen K, Pfeiffer A, Thanopoulou A, Salas-Salvadó J, Schwab U, Sievenpiper JL. Prevention of type 2 diabetes by lifestyle changes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2019 Nov 1;11(11):2611.
Bin Rakhis SA Sr, AlDuwayhis NM, Aleid N, AlBarrak AN, Aloraini AA. Glycemic Control for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2022 Jun 21;14(6):e26180.
Mann I, Khubber M, Gupta AK, Matreja PS, Rao HK. Assessment of the health related quality of life in patients suffering from hypertension and diabetes mellitus: A cross sectional study. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science. 2016 Apr 11;15(1):84-9.
Kumari G, Singh V, Jhingan AK, Chhajer B, Dahiya S. Effectiveness of lifestyle modification counseling on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science. 2018 Apr 1;6(1):70.
Dwibedi C, Mellergård E, Gyllensten AC, Nilsson K, Axelsson AS, Bäckman M, Sahlgren M, Friend SH, Persson S, Franzén S, Abrahamsson B. Effect of self-managed lifestyle treatment on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. npj Digital Medicine. 2022 May 11;5(1):60.
Adachi M, Yamaoka K, Watanabe M, Nishikawa M, Kobayashi I, Hida E, Tango T. Effects of lifestyle education program for type 2 diabetes patients in clinics: a cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC public health. 2013 Dec;13(1):1-4.
Spencer MS, Rosland AM, Kieffer EC, Sinco BR, Valerio M, Palmisano G, Anderson M, Guzman JR, Heisler M. Effectiveness of a community health worker intervention among African American and Latino adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. American journal of public health. 2011 Dec;101(12):2253-60.
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Shweta Malakar, Prof. S K Singh, Prof. Kauser Usman
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
