Community-Based Active Case Finding for Tuberculosis in Rural Uttar Pradesh: Yield and Epidemiological Profile

Abstract

Background: Active case finding is a critical strategy under the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) to identify undiagnosed TB cases in the community. By reducing diagnostic delays and interrupting transmission, ACF plays a crucial role in advancing India’s goal of TB elimination. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Active Case Finding (ACF) in a rural community by identifying presumptive TB cases and high-risk groups, describing their demographic and clinical characteristics, estimating prevalence and diagnostic yield, calculating number needed to screen, and exploring operational barriers . Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional screening activity was conducted in three randomly selected villages .  Sample was collected from the eligible cases and the positive cases were linked to treatment under NTEP guidelines. Results: Out of 1100 individuals screened, 130 (11.8%) were identified as eligible for sputum collection. Of these, 78 (60%) underwent diagnostic testing. Five individuals (6.4% of those tested) were found to be TB positive. Conclusion: Even though barriers like stigma associated with the disease and logistical challenges were observed, the activity highlights the importance of community-level TB screening for early detection and prompt initiation of treatment, contributing to TB control efforts.